Abdominal Vasculature A&P Flashcards
the aorta originates at ______
the left ventricle of the heart
3 layers of the vessels
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia/externa
the first main visceral branch of the AO
celiac trunk
the celiac trunk branches into (3)
splenic artery
common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
the splenic artery has ______ resistance flow
low
the common hepatic artery branches into the _______ at the level of the ________
gastroduodenal artery at the level of the pancreatic head
the ______ artery branches off the right hepatic artery
cystic
the common hepatic artery has ______ resistance and ______ flow
low and hepatopetal
the second main branch of the aorta
SMA
the SMA supplies blood to (3)
parts of the small intestines
some of the colon
pancreas
the SMA has _____ resistance flow when fasting
high
the SMA has _____ resistance flow 30 to 90 minutes postprandial
low
the third main visceral branches of the aorta
renal arteries
RRA travels _____ to the IVC
posterior
LRA travels _____ to the LRV
posterior
renal arteries have _____ resistance flow
low
fourth main branches of the aorta
gonadal arteries
the IMA supplies blood to (3)
transverse colon
descending colon
rectum
the aorta bifurcates at or near the level of the _____ and become the ______
umbilicus
right and left common iliac arteries
the common iliac arteries further divide into the
external and internal iliac arteries
normal diameter of the prox AO
2.5 cm
normal diameter of the mid AO
2.0 cm or less
normal diameter of the dist AO
less than 1.8 cm
normal diameter of the common iliac arteries
8 to 10 mm
common iliac artery aneurysm diameter
greater than 2.0 cm
prox AO is ______ resistance
low
dist AO is _____ resistance and ______
high
triphasic
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter
greater than 3 cm
most AAAs are true aneurysm meaning
involves all 3 layers
most common shape of AAAs
fusiform = gradual enlargement
most common location of AAAs
infrarenal
most common cause of AAAs
atherosclerosis
AAAs have been associated with (4)
- Marfan syndrome
- syphilis
- familial inheritance
- infection
aneurysm caused by infection
mycotic aneurysm
AAAs are usually asymptomatic but a patient can experience (5)
- pulsating abdominal mass
- abdominal bruit
- back pain
- ABD pain
- LE pain
complications of AAAs (4)
- distal embolism
- infection
- dissection
- rupture
treatments for AAAs include (2)
- open surgery
- endovascular aortic stent graft repair (EVAR)
3 grafts for AAAs
- straight tube graft
- bifurcated tube graft
- uni-iliac graft
2 types true aneurysms
- saccular
- fusiform
intimate flap within the aorta lumen
aortic dissection
those who have _____ are at an increased risk for aortic dissection
marfan syndrome
symptoms of aortic dissection (5)
- intense chest pain
- hypertension
- ABD pain
- lower back pain
- neurological symptoms
abdominal aortic ruptured have high ____ and _____ rates
mortality and morbidity
aneurysms greater than ____ in diameter are more prone to rupture
7 cm
abdominal aortic rupture symptoms are consistent AAAs with the addition of decreased _____ and ______
hematocrit and hypotension
contained rupture
pseudoaneurysm / false aneurysm
pseudoaneurysms may be associated with _______
infection
pseudoaneurysms are common within the _____ at the level of the ______
groin
femoral artery
treatment for a pseudoaneurysm includes (2)
- prolonged compression
- ultrasound guided thrombin injections
what are the 4 sections of the IVC
- hepatic
- prerenal
- renal
- postrenal
most superior branch of the IVC
hepatic veins
the hepatic veins course ____ to the ____
posterior to the caudate lobe
hepatic vein flow is _____ and ______
pulsatile and triphasic
occlusion of the hepatic veins occurs in _____
Budd Chiari syndrome
enlargement of the hepatic veins is due to _____
right sided heart failure
renal veins are ____ velocity and _____ flow
low velocity and continuous flow
LRV is anterior to the ____ and ____
LRA and AO
retroaortic LRV means
LRV is posterior to the AO
the right renal vein connects to the
IVC
left gonadal vein drains into the
LRV
the right and left common iliac veins combine near the ______ to form the ____
umbilicus
IVC
IVC diameter should never exceed
2.5 cm
near the heart the IVC is _____ and is more ____ near the common iliac veins
pulsatile near the heart
phasic near the common iliac veins
most common findings of IVC thrombosis (3)
- IVC enlargement
- absence of flow
- material noted within lumen
acute thrombosis may be completely
anechoic
with time, thrombus will become more ____ and may even ____
more echogenic and may even calcify
______ is used to trap emboli that could be traveling upstream and prevent _____
Greenfield IVC filter
prevent pulmonary embolus
tumor invasion of the IVC is associated with
renal cell carcinoma
_____ and ____ may attack the IVC
wilm’s tumor and renal cell carcinoma
tumor invasion of the IVC occurs more commonly on the
RRV
most common cause of enlargement of the IVC
right sided heart failure
portal splenic confluence collects blood from the ____ and _____
intestines and spleen
portal vein flow is ____ and ____
hepatopetal and monophasic
abnormal connection between arteries and veins
arteriovenous fistulas
arteriovenous fistulas result from simultaneous
puncture of a vein and artery from trauma or biopsy
direct communications between arteries and veins
arteriovenous malformations (AVM)
arteriovenous malformations (AVM) can be _____ or caused by (4)
congenital
- surgery
- malignancy
- biopsy
- trauma
arteriovenous malformations (AVM) exhibit _____ flow and ________ of vascular structures
turbulent flow
focal accumulation of vascular structures
the common hepatic artery divides into the
proper hepatic artery
gastroduodenal artery
the right gastric artery is a branch of the
proper hepatic artery
the gastroduodenal artery divides into the
right gastroepiploic artery
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
