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ARDMS ABD A&P > Abdominal Vasculature A&P > Flashcards

Abdominal Vasculature A&P Flashcards

1
Q

the aorta originates at ______

A

the left ventricle of the heart

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2
Q

3 layers of the vessels

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia/externa

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3
Q

the first main visceral branch of the AO

A

celiac trunk

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4
Q

the celiac trunk branches into (3)

A

splenic artery
common hepatic artery
left gastric artery

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5
Q

the splenic artery has ______ resistance flow

A

low

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6
Q

the common hepatic artery branches into the _______ at the level of the ________

A

gastroduodenal artery at the level of the pancreatic head

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7
Q

the ______ artery branches off the right hepatic artery

A

cystic

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8
Q

the common hepatic artery has ______ resistance and ______ flow

A

low and hepatopetal

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9
Q

the second main branch of the aorta

A

SMA

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10
Q

the SMA supplies blood to (3)

A

parts of the small intestines
some of the colon
pancreas

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11
Q

the SMA has _____ resistance flow when fasting

A

high

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12
Q

the SMA has _____ resistance flow 30 to 90 minutes postprandial

A

low

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13
Q

the third main visceral branches of the aorta

A

renal arteries

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14
Q

RRA travels _____ to the IVC

A

posterior

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15
Q

LRA travels _____ to the LRV

A

posterior

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16
Q

renal arteries have _____ resistance flow

A

low

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17
Q

fourth main branches of the aorta

A

gonadal arteries

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18
Q

the IMA supplies blood to (3)

A

transverse colon
descending colon
rectum

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19
Q

the aorta bifurcates at or near the level of the _____ and become the ______

A

umbilicus
right and left common iliac arteries

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20
Q

the common iliac arteries further divide into the

A

external and internal iliac arteries

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21
Q

normal diameter of the prox AO

A

2.5 cm

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22
Q

normal diameter of the mid AO

A

2.0 cm or less

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23
Q

normal diameter of the dist AO

A

less than 1.8 cm

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24
Q

normal diameter of the common iliac arteries

A

8 to 10 mm

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25
Q

common iliac artery aneurysm diameter

A

greater than 2.0 cm

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26
Q

prox AO is ______ resistance

A

low

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27
Q

dist AO is _____ resistance and ______

A

high
triphasic

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28
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter

A

greater than 3 cm

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29
Q

most AAAs are true aneurysm meaning

A

involves all 3 layers

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30
Q

most common shape of AAAs

A

fusiform = gradual enlargement

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31
Q

most common location of AAAs

A

infrarenal

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32
Q

most common cause of AAAs

A

atherosclerosis

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33
Q

AAAs have been associated with (4)

A
  1. Marfan syndrome
  2. syphilis
  3. familial inheritance
  4. infection
34
Q

aneurysm caused by infection

A

mycotic aneurysm

35
Q

AAAs are usually asymptomatic but a patient can experience (5)

A
  1. pulsating abdominal mass
  2. abdominal bruit
  3. back pain
  4. ABD pain
  5. LE pain
36
Q

complications of AAAs (4)

A
  1. distal embolism
  2. infection
  3. dissection
  4. rupture
37
Q

treatments for AAAs include (2)

A
  1. open surgery
  2. endovascular aortic stent graft repair (EVAR)
38
Q

3 grafts for AAAs

A
  1. straight tube graft
  2. bifurcated tube graft
  3. uni-iliac graft
39
Q

2 types true aneurysms

A
  1. saccular
  2. fusiform
40
Q

intimate flap within the aorta lumen

A

aortic dissection

41
Q

those who have _____ are at an increased risk for aortic dissection

A

marfan syndrome

42
Q

symptoms of aortic dissection (5)

A
  1. intense chest pain
  2. hypertension
  3. ABD pain
  4. lower back pain
  5. neurological symptoms
43
Q

abdominal aortic ruptured have high ____ and _____ rates

A

mortality and morbidity

44
Q

aneurysms greater than ____ in diameter are more prone to rupture

A

7 cm

45
Q

abdominal aortic rupture symptoms are consistent AAAs with the addition of decreased _____ and ______

A

hematocrit and hypotension

46
Q

contained rupture

A

pseudoaneurysm / false aneurysm

47
Q

pseudoaneurysms may be associated with _______

A

infection

48
Q

pseudoaneurysms are common within the _____ at the level of the ______

A

groin
femoral artery

49
Q

treatment for a pseudoaneurysm includes (2)

A
  1. prolonged compression
  2. ultrasound guided thrombin injections
50
Q

what are the 4 sections of the IVC

A
  1. hepatic
  2. prerenal
  3. renal
  4. postrenal
51
Q

most superior branch of the IVC

A

hepatic veins

52
Q

the hepatic veins course ____ to the ____

A

posterior to the caudate lobe

53
Q

hepatic vein flow is _____ and ______

A

pulsatile and triphasic

54
Q

occlusion of the hepatic veins occurs in _____

A

Budd Chiari syndrome

55
Q

enlargement of the hepatic veins is due to _____

A

right sided heart failure

56
Q

renal veins are ____ velocity and _____ flow

A

low velocity and continuous flow

57
Q

LRV is anterior to the ____ and ____

A

LRA and AO

58
Q

retroaortic LRV means

A

LRV is posterior to the AO

59
Q

the right renal vein connects to the

A

IVC

60
Q

left gonadal vein drains into the

A

LRV

61
Q

the right and left common iliac veins combine near the ______ to form the ____

A

umbilicus
IVC

62
Q

IVC diameter should never exceed

A

2.5 cm

63
Q

near the heart the IVC is _____ and is more ____ near the common iliac veins

A

pulsatile near the heart
phasic near the common iliac veins

64
Q

most common findings of IVC thrombosis (3)

A
  1. IVC enlargement
  2. absence of flow
  3. material noted within lumen
65
Q

acute thrombosis may be completely

A

anechoic

66
Q

with time, thrombus will become more ____ and may even ____

A

more echogenic and may even calcify

67
Q

______ is used to trap emboli that could be traveling upstream and prevent _____

A

Greenfield IVC filter
prevent pulmonary embolus

68
Q

tumor invasion of the IVC is associated with

A

renal cell carcinoma

69
Q

_____ and ____ may attack the IVC

A

wilm’s tumor and renal cell carcinoma

70
Q

tumor invasion of the IVC occurs more commonly on the

A

RRV

71
Q

most common cause of enlargement of the IVC

A

right sided heart failure

72
Q

portal splenic confluence collects blood from the ____ and _____

A

intestines and spleen

73
Q

portal vein flow is ____ and ____

A

hepatopetal and monophasic

74
Q

abnormal connection between arteries and veins

A

arteriovenous fistulas

75
Q

arteriovenous fistulas result from simultaneous

A

puncture of a vein and artery from trauma or biopsy

76
Q

direct communications between arteries and veins

A

arteriovenous malformations (AVM)

77
Q

arteriovenous malformations (AVM) can be _____ or caused by (4)

A

congenital

  1. surgery
  2. malignancy
  3. biopsy
  4. trauma
78
Q

arteriovenous malformations (AVM) exhibit _____ flow and ________ of vascular structures

A

turbulent flow
focal accumulation of vascular structures

79
Q

the common hepatic artery divides into the

A

proper hepatic artery
gastroduodenal artery

80
Q

the right gastric artery is a branch of the

A

proper hepatic artery

81
Q

the gastroduodenal artery divides into the

A

right gastroepiploic artery
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

ARDMS ABD A&P (14 decks)

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