Adrenal Glands A&P

Question 1

are adrenal glands retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

the adrenal glands are controlled by the release of ___________ by the ________

Answer 2

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released by the anterior pituitary gland

Question 3

the adrenal cortex makes up ____% of the gland

Answer 3

80%

Question 4

3 layers of adrenal cortex and what they produce

Answer 4

1. zona glomerulosa - aldosterone
2. zona fasciculata - cortisol
3. zona reticularis - androgens

Question 5

aldosterone regulates ____ by controlling the amounts of ____ and ____ in the body

Answer 5

regulates BP by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body

Question 6

cortisol controls (4)

Answer 6

1. body’s use of fat, carbs, and proteins
2. blood glucose
3. BP
4. inflammatory response

Question 7

androgens have minimal impact on

Answer 7

the development of male characteristics

Question 8

the adrenal medulla produces hormones that initiate the ______

Answer 8

flight or fight response

Question 9

________ are released in response to physical or emotional stress

Answer 9

catecholamines

Question 10

epinephrine aka adrenaline increases (3) and opens ______

Answer 10

1. HR
2. BP
3. blood flow to major muscle groups

opens airways in the lungs

Question 11

norepinephrine increases (2) and ___

Answer 11

1. HR
2. BP

contracts blood vessels

Question 12

3 arteries that supply blood to the adrenal glands

Answer 12

suprarenal branches of the

1. inferior phrenic artery
2. AO - superior, middle, inferior
3. renal arteries

Question 13

the right suprarenal vein drains into the _____

Answer 13

IVC

Question 14

the left suprarenal vein drains into the ____

Answer 14

left renal vein

Question 15

T/F: ultrasound is the best to visualize the adrenal glands in adults

Answer 15

FALSE - CT is best

Question 16

adrenal glands are isoechoic to hypoechoic to the ____ and ____

Answer 16

liver and spleen

Question 17

the medulla looks like an

Answer 17

echogenic central line

Question 18

the right adrenal gland is seen about

Answer 18

80% of the time

Question 19

left adrenal gland is seen about

Answer 19

40% of the time

posterior to stomach and obscured by gas