Liver A&P

Question 1

is the liver an intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 1

intraperitoneal

Question 2

liver measurement in SAG

Answer 2

13 to 15cm

Question 3

liver measurement in TRV

Answer 3

21 to 22.5cm

Question 4

what divides the RLL into anterior and posterior segments?

Answer 4

RHV
RI Fissure
RPV

Question 5

what divides the LLL into lateral and medial segments?

Answer 5

LHV
LI Fissure
LPV
Lig Teres
Falciform Ligament

Question 6

the ligamentum teres is the remnant of the

Answer 6

umbilical vein

Question 7

the ligamentum venosum is the remnant of the _____

Answer 7

ductus venosum

Question 8

the falciform ligament attaches the liver to the ______

Answer 8

anterior abdomen wall

Question 9

the coronary ligament attaches the liver to the ______

Answer 9

diaphragm

Question 10

Answer 10

1. caudate lobe
2. left lateral superior
3. left lateral inferior
   4a. left medial superior
   4b. left medial inferior
4. right anterior inferior
5. right posterior inferior
6. right posterior superior
7. right anterior superior

Question 11

portal vein diameter should be

Answer 11

less than 13mm

Question 12

portal veins exhibit ________ flow and have _______, ______ walls

Answer 12

hepatopetal flow
thick, echogenic walls

Question 13

hepatic veins exhibit ________ and _________ flow

Answer 13

hepatofugal and triphasic flow

Question 14

aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Answer 14

levels are proportional to the amount of damage and time between cell injury and testing

Question 15

an increase in AST levels indicates

Answer 15

necrosis

Question 16

alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Answer 16

more specific indicator of liver damage

Question 17

an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicates

Answer 17

obstruction

Question 18

an increase in conjugated (direct) bilirubin indicates

Answer 18

obstruction

Question 19

a decrease in unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin indicates

Answer 19

hepatocellular disease

Question 20

an increase in total bilirubin with a decrease in hemoglobin indicates

Answer 20

hemolysis (destruction of RBCs)

Question 21

what does albumin do?

Answer 21

keeps fluid in the bloodstream

Question 22

decrease albumin levels indicate

Answer 22

liver or kidney problems

Question 23

an increase in alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels indicate

Answer 23

cancerous liver tumors

Question 24

prothrombin time

Answer 24

determines and measures how long it takes for blood to clot

Question 25

average PTT is

Answer 25

11 to 13.5 seconds

Question 26

an increase in PTT indicates

Answer 26

metastasis and hepatitis

Question 27

a decrease in PTT indicates

Answer 27

extrahepatic duct obstruction

Question 28

an increase in lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) indicates

Answer 28

tissue damage

Question 29

what are the 7 functions of the liver

Answer 29

1. metabolism - carbs, lipids, proteins
2. vitamin and mineral storage
3. synthesis and secretion of bile
4. removal of waste products
5. blood reservoir
6. lymph production
7. detoxification

Question 30

what transducer is best for a liver ultrasound?

Answer 30

3.0 to 5.0MHz curved

Question 31

the liver parenchyma should be isoechoic to slightly hyperechoic to the ________

Answer 31

kidneys

Question 32

the liver parenchyma should be slightly hypoechoic to the ________

Answer 32

spleen

Question 33

venous drainage of the caudate lobe is via

Answer 33

emissary veins

not seen unless there is pathology

Question 34

direction of fetal circulation (4)

Answer 34

umbilical vein (Lig Teres)
LPV
ductus venosus (Lig Venosum)
IVC

Question 35

SGOT is the old term for

Answer 35

AST

Question 36

SGPT is the old term for

Answer 36

ALT

Question 37

increased GGT + increased ALP =

Answer 37

biliary obstruction

Question 38

increased GGT + increased ALT =

Answer 38

hepatocellular disease