GI Tract A&P Flashcards
the GI tract consists of the (6)
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestines
- colon
the distal esophagus attaches to the stomach at the (2 names)
- gastroesophageal junction (GE)
- esophagogastric junction (EG)
folds in the stomach lining are called
rugae
_______ let’s food pass from the esophagus into the stomach
cardiac sphincter
________ controls the passage of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
4 segments of the stomach
- fundus
- body
- antrum
- pylorus
stomach wall should be less than _____ when not distended
less than 5 mm
stomach diameter should be greater than _____ when distended
greater than 8 mm
what is the proximal portion of the duodenum?
c-loop
4 parts of the duodenum
- superior
- descending
- transverse
- ascending
____ and ____ travel posterior to the first portion of the duodenum
CBD and gastroduodenal artery
____ is anterior to the transverse (3rd) portion of the duodenum
SMA
where does most of the digestion and absorption take place?
small intestines
3 parts of the small intestines
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
the small intestines is about ____ long
23 feet
small intestine diameter should be less than _____
less than 3 cm
ileum meets the cecum at the _____
ileocecal valve
folds in the colon mucosa
haustra
the large intestines absorbs ____ and ____
water and electrolytes
3 parts of the large intestines
- cecum
- colon
- rectum and anus
4 regions of the colon
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
bend in the colon that makes the beginning of the transverse colon
hepatic flexure
bend in the colon that marks the beginning of the descending colon
splenic flexure
the appendix is located at ______ which is halfway between the anterior _____ and _____
McBurney’s point
anterior iliac spine and umbilicus
appendix diameter should be less than _____
less than 6 mm
appendix wall should measure
< 3 mm
what is the best transducer to use in a GI tract scan?
high frequency linear array transducer
5 histologic layers of the GI tract and their US appearances
- superficial mucosa - echogenic
- deep/muscularis mucosa - hypoechoic
- submucosa - echogenic
- muscularis propria/externa - hypoechoic
- adventita/serosa - echogenic
normal bowel should be ____ and have ____
compressible
peristalsis
normal intestinal wall measurement
3 to 5 mm
TV imaging should be used to evaluate (2 GI tract related)
- inflamed appendix
- rectum and sigmoid colon irregularities
majority of the GI tract is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
what parts of the GI tract are retroperitoneal (3)
- duodenum
- ascending colon
- descending colon
which layer of the GI tract is the thickest?
submucosa
GE junction is ____ to the LLL
posterior