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ARDMS ABD A&P > Breast A&P > Flashcards

Breast A&P Flashcards

1
Q

skin thickness of breast

A

0.5 to 2mm

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2
Q

what is the medical term for milk glands?

A

lobules

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3
Q

ampulla

A

nipple

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4
Q

2 types of breast tissue

A

glandular
stromal

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5
Q

3 layers/zones of the breast

A

premammary
mammary
retromammary

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6
Q

what does the premammary zone contain?

A

fat and Cooper’s ligaments

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7
Q

the mammary layer contains

A

the functional elements of the breast

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8
Q

the retromammary layer is similar to the _____________ and contains

A

premammary layer
less fat, Cooper ligaments usually not seen

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9
Q

the pectoral muscles are best imaged in the ____ plane

A

transverse

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10
Q

what does TDLU stand for?

A

terminal ductal lobular unit

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11
Q

TDLU is the _____ made of 30 to 50 _______ cells

A

functional unit of the breast made up of acinar cells

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12
Q

non-lactating breast duct measures

A

less than 3mm

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13
Q

lactating breast duct measures

A

less than 8 mm

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14
Q

the site where most breast abnormalities arise

A

TDLU

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15
Q

what separates the breast into superficial and deep tissues?

A

fascia

superficial fascia = premammary fascia
deep fascia = retromammary fascia

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16
Q

about ____ to ____ lactiferous ducts converge towards the ampulla

A

15 to 20

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17
Q

part of the mammary tissue that extends into the upper outer quadrant and axilla area

A

tail of Spence

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18
Q

breast are an ____ gland that produces milk ___ to ___ days postpartum

A

exocrine gland that produces milk 2 to 3 days postpartum

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19
Q

levels rise during the first half of the cycle and stimulate ductal proliferation

A

estrogen

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20
Q

levels rise with ovulation
and stimulate lobular proliferation

A

progesterone

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21
Q

prolactin inhibitors are produced by the _____ gland

A

hypothalamus

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22
Q

prolactin is produced by the _____ gland

A

pituitary gland

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23
Q

oxytocin is produced by the ____ gland and causes ________ with lactation

A

pituitary gland
causes ductal contraction with lactation

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24
Q

what is polythelia?

A

accessory nipple

25
Q

most polythelia appear along the ____ and more than 90% are ____ to the normal ampulla

A

along the milk line
most are inferior to the normal nipple

26
Q

what is the most common congenital anomaly of the breast in both females and males?

A

polythelia

27
Q

what is polymastia?

A

accessory breast tissue
supernumerary breasts

28
Q

____ is the most common site of polymastia

A

axilla

29
Q

most polymastia forms without a _____

A

ampulla

30
Q

caused by the tethering and shortening of ducts behind the ampulla

A

nipple inversion

31
Q

what is amazia?

A

absence of development of functional breast tissue

32
Q

what is amastia?

A

failure of the breast and nipple to develop

33
Q

3 breast arteries

A
  1. internal mammary artery
  2. intercostal artery
  3. lateral thoracic artery
34
Q

venous drainage of breast (3)

A

superior vena cava
axillary vein
superficial veins

35
Q

ultrasound appearance of Cooper’s ligaments

A

highly echogenic

36
Q

_____ layer of the breast differs in appearance with age

A

mammary

37
Q

the subcutaneous and retromammary layers appear

A

hypoechoic

38
Q

6 layers of breast tissue

A
  1. skin
  2. premammary
  3. mammary
  4. retromammary
  5. pectoral muscles
  6. chest wall
39
Q

young breasts will have ____ tissue and _______ echogenic pattern

A

fibrous tissue and dense echogenic pattern

40
Q

pregnant or lactating breast will be _____ and _____ and have ____ echogenic interfaces

A

larger and denser
less echogenic interfaces

41
Q

mature breasts are when

A

fatty tissue begins to replace glandular tissue

42
Q

post menopausal breasts have _____ and less _____

A

ducts atrophy and less fibrous tissue

43
Q

_____% of cancers are found through lumps felt during BSE

A

70%

44
Q

breast self exams (BSE) begin monthly at what age?

A

20 years old

45
Q

clinical breast exam (CBE) occur
every ___ years for ages 20 to 39

A

every 3 years

46
Q

clinical breast exams are done annually for patients _____ years old

A

40+ years old

47
Q

benign mass characteristics (2)

A

some mobility and compressible

48
Q

malignant mass characteristics (3)

A

firmly fixed, non-compressible, and hypervascular

49
Q

when power doppler is on and the patient hums - normal tissue vibrates and lights up

A

fremitus

50
Q

best ultrasound transducer for breast

A

5 to 18MHz linear transducer

51
Q

what is the ideal thickness for a stand-off pad for a breast ultrasound?

A

1 cm

52
Q

4 things to include when labeling a breast mass

A
  1. right or left
  2. area - clock position, quadrant
  3. how many cm from nipple
  4. radial or antiradial, SAG or TRV
53
Q

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV?

A

radial

54
Q

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV

A

antiradial

55
Q

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV

A

TRV

56
Q

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV

A

SAG

57
Q

where are most breast tumors found?

A

upper, outer quadrants

58
Q

where do most breast tumors originate?

A

ducts

ARDMS ABD A&P (14 decks)

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