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MSS - GI Exam 1 > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

location of pancreas

A

retroperitoneal space
LV2
oblique/transverse in position

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2
Q

origin of pancreas?

A

endoderm

develops from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds

pair of evaginations off of primitive gut tube

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3
Q

pancreatic head

A

includes uncinate process

attached to 2nd and 3rd portions of duodenum

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4
Q

function of pancreas

A

both exocrine and endocrine

only 1% is endocrine

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5
Q

blood supply to pancreas

A 
gastroduodenal artery (branch of common hepatic)
-to pancreatic head

splits to posterior and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

anastomose with inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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6
Q

pancreatic neck

A

straddles SMV and portal vein

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7
Q

pancreatic body

A

longest segment of organ

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8
Q

location of pancreatic body

A

-

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9
Q

pancreatic tail

A

lies at level of TV12

may be injured during splenectomy

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10
Q

duct of santorini

A

accessory duct

drains superior portion of head and empties separately into duodenum

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11
Q

duct of wirsung

A

main duct

merges with common bile duct to ampulla of vater

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12
Q

why accessory duct?

A

because pancreas formed from two buds

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13
Q

arterial supply of pancreas

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal - from gastroduodenal

inferior pancreaticoduodenal - from superior mesenteric

both anastomose (anterior and posterior branches)

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14
Q

from splenic artery?

A

dorsal, great, caudal pancreatic arteries

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15
Q

venous drainage of pancreas

A

follows arterial supply

  • anterior and posterior arcades drain head and body
  • to SMV and then to portal vein

splenic vein drains body and tail - to portal vein

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16
Q

exocrine anatomy of pancreas?

A

secretory acini and ducts

acini - 20-40 secretory cells coalesce into sac like unit (cells secrete digestive enzymes)

ducts - tubular network delivers exocrine secretions to duodenum

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17
Q

acinar cells

A

secrete digestive enzymes
-packed in zymogen granules, released into acinar lumen

amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen

18
Q

ductal cells

A

secretes water and electrolytes

centroacinar and intercalated duct cells
secrete bicarbonate

in larger ducts, some cells secrete mucins

19
Q

digestive juice

A

alkaline fluid
-colorless, odorless, isosmotic

enzymes activated in duodenum by acidic environment

pH neutralizes gastric aid and buffers intestinal pH

20
Q

endocrine pancreas anatomy

A

less than 2% of pancreatic cells

-islands of cells (islets of langerhans)

21
Q

major cell types in islets of langerhans

A

alpha cells 25-35%
beta cells 55-65%
delta cells 5-15%
PP cells <2%

22
Q

alpha cells

A

produce glucagon

23
Q

beta cells

A

produce insulin and amylin

24
Q

delta cells

A

produce somatostatin

25
Q

PP cells

A

produce pancreatic polypeptide

26
Q

minor cell types in islets of langerhans

A

delta-1
EC cells
epsilon cells

27
Q

delta-1 cells

A

produce VIP

-also in exocrine acini and ductal epithelium

28
Q

EC cells

A

produce secretin, motilin, and substance P

also in exocrine acini and ductal epithelium

29
Q

epsilon cells

A

produce ghrelin

30
Q

insulin

A

released in response to glucose

-promotes glucose uptake (liver, muscle, fat)

31
Q

glucagon

A

released in response to low glucose

-promotes production of glucose from liver glycogen and glucose precursors

32
Q

stimulatory inputs?

A 
glucose
amino acids
glucagon
GIP
CCK
sulfonylurea compounds
beta-sympathetics
33
Q

inhibitory inputs?

A

somatostatin
amylin
pancreastatin
alpha-sympathetics

34
Q

pancreatic polypeptide

A

stimulates gastric chief cells
inhibits bile secretion and intestinal mobility
inhibits pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion

35
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

A

similar action to glucagon
also affect secretory activity and motility of gut
stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion

36
Q

secretin

A

acts locally
-simulates bicarbonate secretion
stimulates pancreatic enxyme secretion

37
Q

motilin

A

increases gastric and intestinal motility

38
Q

substance P

A

neurotransmitter properties

39
Q

ghrelin

A

stimulates appetite

40
Q

pancreatic islet organization

A

animals are mantle
-beta in medulla and other in cortex

humans are different

  • all cells randomly distributed
  • are arrayed along vessels so all cells see blood
41
Q

intercellular communication

A

via blood supply, paracrine relationships, gap junctions, innervation (S and PS)

42
Q

islet-acinar axis

A

islet acinar portal system

mechanism??**

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

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