Abdominal Organs I

Question 1

esophagus

Answer 1

long muscular tube that transports food
-pharynx to stomach

passes diaphragm at TV10 and enters stomach at TV11

Question 2

esophageal diaphragmatic hiatus

Answer 2

TV10

-where esophagus enters abdomen

Question 3

phrenicoesophageal ligaments

Answer 3

attach diaphragm to esophagus

• allow for independent movement
• prevent herniation of esophagus into thorax

superior and inferior portions

Question 4

mesoesophagus

Answer 4

mesentery of esophagus

only associated with abdominal portion of esophagus

Question 5

z-line

Answer 5

stratified squamous to the tall columnar epithelium from esophagus to stomach

Question 6

constrictions of esophagus

Answer 6

cervical
thoracic
diaphragmatic

Question 7

cervical constriction

Answer 7

of esophagus

-due to cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 8

thoracic constriction

Answer 8

of esophagus

-due to arch of aorta and left primary bronchus

Question 9

diaphragmatic constriction

Answer 9

of esophagus

• due to diaphragm
• forms physiological inferior esophageal sphincter
• prevents reflux of food and acid to esophagus

Question 10

esophageal varices

Answer 10

porto-caval anastomisis pathology

• portal HTN causes backflow
• large dilated beins in the esophagus

can rupture and bleed heavliy

Question 11

artery to esophagus

Answer 11

left gastric artery

Question 12

veins of esophagus

Answer 12

left gastric vein

Question 13

lymph drainage of esophagus

Answer 13

left gastric lymph nodes to celiac lymph nodes

Question 14

hiatal hernias

Answer 14

herniation of esophagus or stomach through esophageal hiatus at diaphram

Question 15

paraesophageal

Answer 15

FUNDUS of stomach heriates through esophageal hiatus anteiror to esophagus
-fundus of stomach may strangulate

Question 16

sliding

Answer 16

weakening of phrenicoesophageal ligaments allowing CARDIAC region of stomach to herniate into thorax

Question 17

stomach

Answer 17

accumulates and enzymatically digests food materials
-usually J shaped and in left upper quadrant (this is variable)

breaks food into chyme that is moved into small intestine

Question 18

peritoneum of stomach?

Answer 18

fully peritonealized

lesser curvature - lesser omentum
-hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

greater curvature - greater omentum

Question 19

regions of stomach

Answer 19

cardiac - receives esophagus (sliding hernia)
fundus - just under diaphragm (paraesophageal heria)
body - largest portion
pyloric - antrum to canal - to sphincter

lesser curvature
greater curvature

Question 20

stomach bed

Answer 20

lie posterior and inferior to stomach
diaphragm
spleen
left kidney and suprarenal gland
pancreas
transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

Question 21

external features

Answer 21

-

Question 22

-

Answer 22

-

Question 23

-

Answer 23

-

Question 24

-

Answer 24

-

Question 25

-

Answer 25

-

Question 26

-

Answer 26

-

Question 27

-

Answer 27

-

Question 28

layers of stomach wall

Answer 28

serosa (outer) muscular - inner circular - outer longitudinal mucosa (inner) - folds called region - different areas of stomach have very different mucosa

Question 29

stomach artery supply

Answer 29

receives blood supply from all three celiac trunk branches

Question 30

lesser curvature

Answer 30

gastric arch of arteries right and left gastric arteries - right is branch of proper hepatic artery - left is direct branch of celiac trunk

Question 31

greater curvature

Answer 31

gastroepiploic arch of arteries right and left gastroepiploic arteries - right is branch of gastroduodenal artery - left is branch of splenic artery

Question 32

venous drainage of stomach?

Answer 32

vena comitantes that drain to portal vein

Question 33

fundus region of stomach blood supply

Answer 33

short gastric arteries from splenic artery

Question 34

lymph drainage of stomach

Answer 34

gastric lymph nodes along lesser curvature gastroepiploic lymph nodes along greater curvature both to celiac lymph nodes

Question 35

duodenum

Answer 35

absorption of nutrients - first part of small intestine - about 12 inches long - C shaped, courses along head of pancreas

Question 36

division of duodenum

Answer 36

superior (first) part - aka bulb descending (second) part horizontal (third) part asacending (fourth) part

Question 37

peritoneum of duodenum?

Answer 37

part 1 is peritonealized part 2,3,4 are retroperitoneal -except very last part of part 4

Question 38

first part of duodenum

Answer 38

anterior to LV1 | -associated with hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 39

second part of duodenum

Answer 39

along right side of LV1 to LV3 major duodenal papilla minor duodenal papilla

Question 40

major duodenal papilla

Answer 40

-

Question 41

minor duodenal papilla

Answer 41

-

Question 42

third part of duodenum

Answer 42

transverse portion from right to left at LV3

Question 43

fourth part of duodenum

Answer 43

ascends to left of vertebral column from LV3 to LV2 duodenojejunal flexure - where duodenum is continuous with jejunum suspensory ligament of treitz supports duodeojejunal flexure

Question 44

duodena flexure

Answer 44

where duodenum is continuous with jejunum

Question 45

suspensory ligament of treitz

Answer 45

supports duodenal jejunum flexure | -extension of diaphragm muscle