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MSS - GI Exam 1 > Intestine > Flashcards

Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

increase in surface area ?

A

microvilli
villi
plicae circulares

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2
Q

microvlli

A

cytoplasmic projections of cell membrane

striate border of simple columnar epithelium

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3
Q

villi

A

evaginations of mucosa with core of lamina propria
-distinguishing characteristic of small intestine

multicellular structures

exclusively in small intestine

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4
Q

villi in duodenum

A

broad, short, leaf like

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5
Q

villi in jejunum

A

tongue-like projections

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6
Q

villi in ileum

A

all, narrow, finger like projections

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7
Q

plicae circulares

A

circular folds of entire mucosa, with core of submucosa**

permanent projections into lumen

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8
Q

where do plicae circulares begin?

A

proximal duodenum

maximized in distal duodenum and proximal jejunum

diminish until absent in distal half of ileum

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9
Q

exocrine glands

A

pancreas

liver

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10
Q

submucosal glands

A 
duodenal glands (brunners glands)
-in submucosa of duodenum

secrete mucous

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11
Q

brunners glands

A

duodenal submucosa glands

secrete slightly basic mucous

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12
Q

small intestine

A

submucosa has basic mucous producing

-to neutralize the acidic stomach content

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13
Q

liver excretion

A

bile - to emulsify fats

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14
Q

pancreas excretion

A

enzymes primarily in peptide degradation

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15
Q

intestinal crypts

A

mucous secreting glands in small intestine

-epithelium invaginations into lamina propria in small and large intestine

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16
Q

epithelium of small intestine

A

simple columnar epithelium replaced every 3 to 7 days

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17
Q

cell types in epithelium of small intestine

A 
absorptive columnar cells
goblet cells
lymphocytes
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells
M cells
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18
Q

goblet cells

A

secretes mucous

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19
Q

as we move down GI tract?

A

number of goblet cells increase

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20
Q

enteroendocrine cells in epithelium of small intestine?

A

mainly in crypts

  • rarely in villus
  • secrete products into vasacular channels in lamina propria
21
Q

K-cells

A

secrete incretins

enteroendocrine cell of small intestine epithleium

22
Q

L-cells

A

secrete GIP

enteroendocrine cell of small intestine epithelium

23
Q

enterochromaffin cells

A

secrete serotonin

enteroendocrine cells of small intestine epithelium

24
Q

products of enteroendocrine cells in GI tract?

A 
incretin
GIP
serotonin
somatostatin
motilin
cholecystokinin
neurotensin
VIP
substance P
endorphins

going to basal layer*** (not lumen)

25
Q

somatostatin

A

stimulates homeostasis

26
Q

paneth cells

A

secretions go out into lumen

produce lysozymes and defensins
-help degrade bacterial cell walls

in the epithelium of small intestine

in base of intestinal crypts
-contain large acidophilic granules

27
Q

M cell

A

in epithelium of small intestine
-part of innate and classic immune systems

capture and transport antigens to APCs and B cells in lamina propria

likely located where there is a sharp fold in the villus border**

28
Q

mucosa of small intestine

A

lamina propria

  • loose CT
  • prone to lymphoid infiltration
  • lots of plasma cells (in villus between crypts)

secretory IgA

lymphatic capillaries - lacteals

29
Q

plasma cells

A

B lymphocytes

-antibody producing cells

30
Q

histiocyte

A

macrophage in the gut lining

31
Q

lacteals

A

lymphatic capillaries of the mucosa of small intestine

32
Q

where do lymphatics originate?

A

blind ending channels in the villi of the intestine
-aka lacteals

not only place, but an important one

pick up emulsified fat

lacteals have no red blood cells**

33
Q

peyers patches

A

in small intestine

  • lymphoid tissue that has become nodular in nature
  • like a lymph node

in lamina propria of small intestine mucosa

prominent in ileum
may appear in lower jejunum

34
Q

more M cells present where?

A

peyers patches

35
Q

submucosa of small intestine?

A

projects into plicae circularies

36
Q

auerbachs plexus

A

between layers of muscularis externa in intestine
-inner circular/outer longitudinal

PS ganglia - maintain muscle tone

37
Q

myenteric plexus

A

on vascular channels

-dilation/constriction

38
Q

serosa of duodenum

A

on anterior surface only
-organ is retroperitoneal

posterior is adventitia

39
Q

ileocecal junction

A

site where ileum joins large intestine

  • formed by bolds of mucosa and submucosa
  • supported by mass of circular smooth muscle from muscularis externa
40
Q

cecum

A

small, blind pouch of large intestine

-structurally indentical to colon

41
Q

appendix

A

slender, blind diverticulum of cecum
-small, irregular lumen often containing cellular debris

villi are absent**
intestinal crypts - enteroendocrine cells and some paneth cells

42
Q

large intestine?

A

lack villi as means of surface amplication**

43
Q

goblet cells in large intestine?

A

lots and lots

because we are absorbing nutrients and water
-so we have less and less hydrated material

needs increased mucous production to help move along

44
Q

paneth cells?

A

mainly in small intestine

45
Q

crypts of lieberkuhn

A

intestinal crypts of large intestine

-larger and more closely packed than in small intestine

46
Q

cells of large intestine?

A

crypts of lieberkuhn
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells

47
Q

epithelium of large intestine?

A

identical to small intestine

  • simple columnar epithelium
  • more numerous goblet cells

virtually no digestive enzymes
mainly water reabsorption

48
Q

placa circulares

A

not present in large intestine

49
Q

plica semilunares

A

present in the colon

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

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