Organization of the Abdomen I Flashcards
1
Q
division of abdomen into 4 regions
A
horizontal line and vertical line
right and left upper and lower quadrants
2
Q
division of abdomen into 9 regions
A
2 horizontal and 2 vertical planes
vertical - two midclavicular
horizontal - subcostal at LV3 and transtubercular plane at LV5
3
Q
subcostal plane?
A
at LV3; lowest limit of costal margin
4
Q
transtubercular plane?
A
at LV5
5
Q
different 9 regions of abdomen?
A
epigastric umbilical pubic hypochondriac r/l inguinal r/l lateral regions r/l
6
Q
transpyloric plane
A
LV1
7
Q
subcostal plane
A
LV3
8
Q
transumbilical plane
A
LV3-LV4
9
Q
supracristal plane
A
LV4
10
Q
transtubercular plane
A
LV5
11
Q
interspinous plane
A
SV1
12
Q
vertebral level?
A
can be a disc
13
Q
-
A
-
14
Q
-
A
-
15
Q
-
A
-
16
Q
osseous structures?
A
lumbar vertebrae 1-5
- above abdomen ribs 7-12
- below abdomen pelvic girdle
above and below provide support
17
Q
campers fascia
A
superficial fatty layer
loose CT
18
Q
scarpas fascia
A
deeper membranous layer (thin)
-covers muscles of abdomen
- continuous with colles and dartos fascia of perineum
- attaches to iliac crest, fascia lata below inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle
19
Q
fundiform ligament
A
specialization of scarpas fascia
20
Q
muscles of abdomen
A
(superficial to deep)
external
internal
transversus abdominus muscle
21
Q
fascia of abdomen?
A
2 layers superficial
3 layers deep
22
Q
deep facia of abdomen?
A
beneath the muscle (superficial to deep)
- transversalis fascia
- extraperitoneal fascia (subserous fascia)
- parietal peritoneum - serous membrane of abdomen
23
Q
external abdominal oblique attachments
A
origin - outer surfaces of ribs 5-12
insertion - anterior iliac crest, external abdominal aponeurosis attaches to linea alba from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
hands in front pockets
24
Q
external abdominal oblique action
A
flex vertebral column and pelvis
-compression and support of abdominal viscera
one side acting - lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side
25
innervation of external abdominal oblique
```
intercostal n
subcostal n
iliohypogastric n (ventral ramus L1)
```
26
internal abdominal oblique attachments
origin - thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
insertion - inferior border of ribs 9-12; via internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis to linea alba from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
hands in back pockets
27
internal abdominal oblique action
flexion of vertebral column
compression and support of abdomen viscera
one side acting alone causes lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to same side
28
internal abdominal oblique innervation
intercostal n
subcostal n
iliohypogastric n
ilioinguinal n
29
transversus abdominis attachments?
origin - inner surface ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
insertion - aponeurosis of linea alba
30
transversus abdominis action?
compression and support of abdomen viscera
31
transversus abdominis innervation?
intercostal n
subcostal n
iliohypogastric n
ilioinguinal n
32
rectus abdominis attachment?
origin - pubic symphysis and pubic crest
| insertion - costal cartilages 5-7; xiphoid process
33
rectus abdominis action?
flexion of vertebral column
34
rectus abdominis innervation?
ventral rami T6-T12
intercostal n
subcostal n
35
tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis
3-4
| attachments of rectus abdominis to rectus sheath
36
pyramidalis
makes linea alba tight
37
pyramidalis attachments
origin - pubic bone, anterior to rectus abdominis
| insertion - linea alba
38
pyramidalis action
tenses linea alba
39
pyramidalis innervation
subcostal n
40
surgery in abdomen?
must be careful with fiber direction of muscles
- muscles should be split parallel to their fiber direction
- each layer will require to be split in different direction
41
rectus sheath
fascia surrounding rectus abdominis and pyramidalis
-formed from decussation of external and internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeurosis
composition changes midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis (arcuate line)
42
arcuate line
change in composition of rectus sheath
43
above arcuate line
internal oblique aponeurosis splits to anterior and posterior lamina
anterior joins external oblique aponeurosis
posterior joins transversus abdominis aponeurosis
44
below arcuate line
anterior layer of rectus sheath made up of external, internal, transversus abdominis aponeurosis
posterior layer is transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
45
umbilical hernia
-
46
linea alba hernia
-
47
linea semilunaris hernia
-
48
incisional hernia
site of previous scar
49
umbilical ligament
5 of them
from abdomen toward umbilicus
umbilical fold is peritoneum folded over ligament
50
median umbilical fold
where the urachus was during development
bladder to umbilicus
51
medial umbilical fold
two of them
- closed portion of umbilical arteries
- during development this carried blood to placenta
52
lateral umbilical fold
two of them
| -peritoneum over the inferior epigastric artery and vein
53
supravesicle fossa
space urinary bladder fills as it expands
| -between medial umbilical folds
54
medial inguinal fossa
site of direct inguinal hernia**
??
55
lateral inguinal fossa
site of indirect inguinal hernia**
??
56
innervation of abdomen
dermatomes of abdomen provided by T7-T11
57
T10 dermatome
at umbilicus
58
L1 dermatome
```
iliac crest
ASIS
inguinal region
anterior scrotum
labia major
```
59
xiphoid process
at T6 dermatome
60
intercostal nn
T7-T11
61
subcostal n
T12
62
iliohypogastric n
L1
63
liloinguinal n
L1
64
NERVES
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65
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ARTERIES
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VEINS
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LYMPHATICS
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83
inguinal region
between ASIS and pubic tubercle
-often referred to as the groin
two ligaments:
- lnguinal ligament
- iliopubic tract - thickening of transversalis fascia
84
myopectineal orifice
area of weakness
location of femoral hernia
85
inguinal ligament
inferior rolled under portion of external oblique aponeurosis from ASIS to pubic tubercle
-transition from abdomen to thigh
86
reflected ligament
continuation of inguinal ligament that attaches to linea alba
87
pectineal ligament
lateral continuation of lacunar ligament fibers attaching to pectineal line of superior pubic ramus
floor of femoral canal
88
lacunar ligament
medial fibers of inguinal ligament that attach to pubic tubercle
medial border of femoral canal
89
inguinal canal
forms during gonadal descent from abdomen to scrotum (or labia)
area of weakness formed whenever something is pulled through body wall
90
gubernaculum
attaches gonad to anterior body wall
pulled through to form inguinal canal
91
deep inguinal ring
entrance to inguinal canal from abdominal coavity
- evagination in transversalis fascia
- lateral to inferior epigastric arteries
- site of indirect inguinal hernias
92
superficial inguinal ring
exit from inguinal canal into scrotum or labia majora
split in fibers of external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
lateral crus, medial crus, and intercrural fibers
93
conjoined tendon
aka flax inguinalis
fused inferior fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
strengthens posterior to the superficial inguinal ring
very important tendon***
-strengthens this area of weakness
94
processes vaginalis
becomes the tunica vaginalis around testicles
95
cremaster muscle
temperature regulation in testes
continuation of the internal abdominal oblique
96
CONTENTS OF INGUINAL CANAL
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105
indirect hernias
through deep inguinal ring
106
direct hernias
through the body wall
107
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