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MSS - GI Exam 1 > Organization of the Abdomen I > Flashcards

Organization of the Abdomen I Flashcards

1
Q

division of abdomen into 4 regions

A

horizontal line and vertical line

right and left upper and lower quadrants

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2
Q

division of abdomen into 9 regions

A

2 horizontal and 2 vertical planes

vertical - two midclavicular
horizontal - subcostal at LV3 and transtubercular plane at LV5

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3
Q

subcostal plane?

A

at LV3; lowest limit of costal margin

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4
Q

transtubercular plane?

A

at LV5

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5
Q

different 9 regions of abdomen?

A 
epigastric
umbilical
pubic
hypochondriac r/l
inguinal r/l
lateral regions r/l
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6
Q

transpyloric plane

A

LV1

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7
Q

subcostal plane

A

LV3

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8
Q

transumbilical plane

A

LV3-LV4

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9
Q

supracristal plane

A

LV4

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10
Q

transtubercular plane

A

LV5

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11
Q

interspinous plane

A

SV1

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12
Q

vertebral level?

A

can be a disc

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13
Q

-

A

-

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14
Q

-

A

-

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15
Q

-

A

-

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16
Q

osseous structures?

A

lumbar vertebrae 1-5

  • above abdomen ribs 7-12
  • below abdomen pelvic girdle

above and below provide support

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17
Q

campers fascia

A

superficial fatty layer

loose CT

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18
Q

scarpas fascia

A

deeper membranous layer (thin)
-covers muscles of abdomen

  • continuous with colles and dartos fascia of perineum
  • attaches to iliac crest, fascia lata below inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle
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19
Q

fundiform ligament

A

specialization of scarpas fascia

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20
Q

muscles of abdomen

A

(superficial to deep)
external
internal
transversus abdominus muscle

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21
Q

fascia of abdomen?

A

2 layers superficial

3 layers deep

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22
Q

deep facia of abdomen?

A

beneath the muscle (superficial to deep)

  • transversalis fascia
  • extraperitoneal fascia (subserous fascia)
  • parietal peritoneum - serous membrane of abdomen
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23
Q

external abdominal oblique attachments

A

origin - outer surfaces of ribs 5-12
insertion - anterior iliac crest, external abdominal aponeurosis attaches to linea alba from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

hands in front pockets

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24
Q

external abdominal oblique action

A

flex vertebral column and pelvis
-compression and support of abdominal viscera

one side acting - lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side

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25
Q

innervation of external abdominal oblique

A 
intercostal n
subcostal n
iliohypogastric n (ventral ramus L1)
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26
Q

internal abdominal oblique attachments

A

origin - thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
insertion - inferior border of ribs 9-12; via internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis to linea alba from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

hands in back pockets

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27
Q

internal abdominal oblique action

A

flexion of vertebral column
compression and support of abdomen viscera
one side acting alone causes lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to same side

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28
Q

internal abdominal oblique innervation

A

intercostal n
subcostal n
iliohypogastric n
ilioinguinal n

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29
Q

transversus abdominis attachments?

A

origin - inner surface ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
insertion - aponeurosis of linea alba

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30
Q

transversus abdominis action?

A

compression and support of abdomen viscera

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31
Q

transversus abdominis innervation?

A

intercostal n
subcostal n
iliohypogastric n
ilioinguinal n

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32
Q

rectus abdominis attachment?

A

origin - pubic symphysis and pubic crest

insertion - costal cartilages 5-7; xiphoid process

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33
Q

rectus abdominis action?

A

flexion of vertebral column

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34
Q

rectus abdominis innervation?

A

ventral rami T6-T12
intercostal n
subcostal n

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35
Q

tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis

A

3-4

attachments of rectus abdominis to rectus sheath

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36
Q

pyramidalis

A

makes linea alba tight

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37
Q

pyramidalis attachments

A

origin - pubic bone, anterior to rectus abdominis

insertion - linea alba

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38
Q

pyramidalis action

A

tenses linea alba

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39
Q

pyramidalis innervation

A

subcostal n

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40
Q

surgery in abdomen?

A

must be careful with fiber direction of muscles

  • muscles should be split parallel to their fiber direction
  • each layer will require to be split in different direction
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41
Q

rectus sheath

A

fascia surrounding rectus abdominis and pyramidalis
-formed from decussation of external and internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeurosis

composition changes midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis (arcuate line)

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42
Q

arcuate line

A

change in composition of rectus sheath

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43
Q

above arcuate line

A

internal oblique aponeurosis splits to anterior and posterior lamina

anterior joins external oblique aponeurosis
posterior joins transversus abdominis aponeurosis

44
Q

below arcuate line

A

anterior layer of rectus sheath made up of external, internal, transversus abdominis aponeurosis

posterior layer is transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

45
Q

umbilical hernia

A

-

46
Q

linea alba hernia

A

-

47
Q

linea semilunaris hernia

A

-

48
Q

incisional hernia

A

site of previous scar

49
Q

umbilical ligament

A

5 of them
from abdomen toward umbilicus

umbilical fold is peritoneum folded over ligament

50
Q

median umbilical fold

A

where the urachus was during development

bladder to umbilicus

51
Q

medial umbilical fold

A

two of them

  • closed portion of umbilical arteries
  • during development this carried blood to placenta
52
Q

lateral umbilical fold

A

two of them

-peritoneum over the inferior epigastric artery and vein

53
Q

supravesicle fossa

A

space urinary bladder fills as it expands

-between medial umbilical folds

54
Q

medial inguinal fossa

A

site of direct inguinal hernia**

??

55
Q

lateral inguinal fossa

A

site of indirect inguinal hernia**

??

56
Q

innervation of abdomen

A

dermatomes of abdomen provided by T7-T11

57
Q

T10 dermatome

A

at umbilicus

58
Q

L1 dermatome

A 
iliac crest
ASIS
inguinal region
anterior scrotum
labia major
59
Q

xiphoid process

A

at T6 dermatome

60
Q

intercostal nn

A

T7-T11

61
Q

subcostal n

A

T12

62
Q

iliohypogastric n

A

L1

63
Q

liloinguinal n

A

L1

64
Q

NERVES

A

-

65
Q

-

A

-

66
Q

-

A

-

67
Q

-

A

-

68
Q

-

A

-

69
Q

-

A

-

70
Q

ARTERIES

A

-

71
Q

-

A

-

72
Q

-

A

-

73
Q

-

A

-

74
Q

-

A

-

75
Q

VEINS

A

-

76
Q

-

A

-

77
Q

-

A

-

78
Q

-

A

-

79
Q

LYMPHATICS

A

-

80
Q

-

A

-

81
Q

-

A

-

82
Q

-

A

-

83
Q

inguinal region

A

between ASIS and pubic tubercle
-often referred to as the groin

two ligaments:

  • lnguinal ligament
  • iliopubic tract - thickening of transversalis fascia
84
Q

myopectineal orifice

A

area of weakness

location of femoral hernia

85
Q

inguinal ligament

A

inferior rolled under portion of external oblique aponeurosis from ASIS to pubic tubercle
-transition from abdomen to thigh

86
Q

reflected ligament

A

continuation of inguinal ligament that attaches to linea alba

87
Q

pectineal ligament

A

lateral continuation of lacunar ligament fibers attaching to pectineal line of superior pubic ramus

floor of femoral canal

88
Q

lacunar ligament

A

medial fibers of inguinal ligament that attach to pubic tubercle

medial border of femoral canal

89
Q

inguinal canal

A

forms during gonadal descent from abdomen to scrotum (or labia)

area of weakness formed whenever something is pulled through body wall

90
Q

gubernaculum

A

attaches gonad to anterior body wall

pulled through to form inguinal canal

91
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

entrance to inguinal canal from abdominal coavity

  • evagination in transversalis fascia
  • lateral to inferior epigastric arteries
  • site of indirect inguinal hernias
92
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

exit from inguinal canal into scrotum or labia majora

split in fibers of external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

lateral crus, medial crus, and intercrural fibers

93
Q

conjoined tendon

A

aka flax inguinalis

fused inferior fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

strengthens posterior to the superficial inguinal ring

very important tendon***
-strengthens this area of weakness

94
Q

processes vaginalis

A

becomes the tunica vaginalis around testicles

95
Q

cremaster muscle

A

temperature regulation in testes

continuation of the internal abdominal oblique

96
Q

CONTENTS OF INGUINAL CANAL

A

-

97
Q

-

A

-

98
Q

-

A

-

99
Q

-

A

-

100
Q

-

A

-

101
Q

-

A

-

102
Q

-

A

-

103
Q

-

A

-

104
Q

-

A

-

105
Q

indirect hernias

A

through deep inguinal ring

106
Q

direct hernias

A

through the body wall

107
Q

-

A

-

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

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