Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSS - GI Exam 1 > Esophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Esophagus and Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal

A 
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 layers of gut tube?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mucosa of gut tube

A

lining of internal passages
-thin for absorption/secretion

mucus glands common in CT (lubrication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 layers of mucosa

A

epithelium (including basement membrane)
lamina propria - loose CT
muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epithelium of mucosa

A

varies depending on region of canal

-protective, secretory, or absorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lamina propria of mucosa

A

loose CT underlying and supporting epithelium

contains:
small vessels and lymphatics
nerves
mucosal glands may be present
varying amounts of lymphoid tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

muscularis mucosae of mucosa

A

consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal

3rd layer sometimes present (stomach)

  • obliquely oriented
  • allows fine movements of epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

submucosa of gut tube?

A

layer of CT with some elastic fibers
-provide mobility for mucosa

  • plexuses of larger blood vessels
  • lymphatics
  • nerves
  • PS ganglia (meissners plexus)
  • submucosal glands (esophagus and duodenum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meissners plexus

A

PS ganglia in submucosa of gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscularis externa of gut tube

A

two layers of smooth muscle

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal
vascular and ANS plexi between muscular layers
PS ganglia (auerbachs plexus)

maintains tonus in tube

propels luminal contents onward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

auerbachs plexus

A

PS ganglia of muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adventitia of gut tube

A

outermost coat of dense CT
-blends with CT of surrounding areas

serosa - aka mesentery

where vessels and nerves are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GI tract

A

hollow muscular tube

-starts at esophagus and ends at anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endoderm

A

forms epithelial lining of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mesoderm

A

CT and smooth muscle of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

as it moves caudally (GI tract)

A

lumen widens
increased surface area of tube
goblet cells increase in number
lymphatic infiltration of CT increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

esophagus

A

connects pharynx to stomach

-warm/cools food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stomach

A

retaining/mixing reservoir

  • gastric juices (to begin digestion)
  • absorption limited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

absorption in esophagus?

A

no

-maybe tiny tiny amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

absorption in stomach

A 
some salts
water
glucose
alcohol
drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 regions of stomach

A

body
fundus
cardium
pylorus

body and fundus histologically indentical**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

small intestine

A

three parts:
duodenum
jejunum
ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

duodenum

A

retroperitoneal
-bile and pancreatic ducts enter
10-12 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

jejunum

A

2/5 of length (8 feet)

peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ileum

A

peritoneal

remaining 3/5 (12 feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

large intestine

A

reabsorption of water
-dehydration of chyme

6 portion

27
Q

portions of colon?

A 
cecum
appendix
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
28
Q

rectum

A

separate from colon
-histologically similar

colon to anus

muscularis externa is complete
mucosal folds bulge into lumen
connects to anal canal

29
Q

anal canal

A

rectum to anus connection

30
Q

pectinate line

A

in anal canal

-epithelial change from simple columnar to stratified squamous (wet)

31
Q

esophagus mucosa?

A

lined with thick stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium
-rests on acellular CT

32
Q

esophagus lamina propria?

A

boundary provides better attachment for epithelium

  • peg = downward rojection of epithelium
  • papillae = upward projections of CT
33
Q

contents of esophagus lamina propria?

A

scattered lymphatic nodules, cardiac esophageal glands (mucous secreting)

34
Q

muscularis mucosa of esophagus?

A

well developed and may contain several layers of smooth muscle and some elastic fibers

35
Q

submucosa of esophagus?

A

longitudinal folds
-star shaped lumen
lumen can dilate to pass food bolus

esophageal glands scattered
-secrete mucous

36
Q

muscularis externa of esophagus?

A

smooth/skeletal muscle ration increases

  • upper - skeletal
  • lower - smooth
  • finally, no skeletal
37
Q

adventitia of esophagus

A

blends with surrounding CT

-no serosa***

38
Q

serosa of esophagus?

A

no no no ***

39
Q

cardioesophageal junction

A

transition from esophagus to stomach
-sudden change from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

  • no specific muscle to contract
  • not a true sphincter
40
Q

mucosa of stomach

A

simple columnar epithelium

  • gastric pits with gastric glands
  • lined with various cells

extensive surface for secretion

41
Q

lamina propria of stomach

A

occupy slit like spaces

42
Q

muscularis mucosa of stomach

A

present at level of base of glands

43
Q

submucosa of stomach?

A

extends into rugae

  • blood and lymph vessels
  • peripheral nerves
  • CT cells
44
Q

muscularis externa of stomach?

A

3 layers of smooth muscle:

  • inner oblique (new)
  • middle circular (continuous)
  • outer longitudinal (continuous)
45
Q

outer tunic of stomach?

A

serosal layer
-visceral peritoneum covers loose CT of this organ
continuous with greater and lesser mesenteries

46
Q

cardiac region of stomach?

A

gastric pits - 1/4 height of mucosa

lined with undifferentiated cells in base (neck of gland) and surface mucous cells on mucosal surface lining gastric pit

47
Q

fundic region of stomach?

A

largest area (includes fundus and body)

pits 1/3 height of mucosa

48
Q

gastric pit

A

yield 3-7 gastric glands

49
Q

cells of gland?

A

mucous neck cells
parietal cells
zymogenic chief cells
enteroendocrine cells

50
Q

mucous neck cells

A

neck of gland

51
Q

parietal cells

A

scattered cells in neck (more toward base)

-secrete HCl

52
Q

zymogenic chief cells

A

mainly in base of gland

-produce enzymes of stomach

53
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

aka argentaffin cells

-few in number, mainly in base of gland

54
Q

pyloric region of stomach?

A

distal 1/3 of stomach

-gastric pit extends 1/2 depth of mucosa

55
Q

pyloric glands

A

mucous secreting cell types

gastrin producing cells

56
Q

surface mucous cells

A

cell of main gastric gland
-columnar cells cover entire surface and line gastric pits

secretes pH neutral mucous**
no goblet cells**

57
Q

goblet cells

A

in intestines

-none in stomach**

58
Q

mucous neck cells

A

cells of main gastric gland
-flattened basal nuclei

secrete acidic mucous**
-becomes miscible with parietal cells

59
Q

parietal cells

A

cells of main gastric gland

  • large round or triangular cells with dark central nuclei
  • mixed amongst mucous neck cells

produce HCl and activate acid-dependent enzymes

also produce intrinsic factor - for absorption of vitamin B12 (for homeopoiesis)

60
Q

chief cells

A

cells of main gastric gland
-oval nuclei and mitochondria are basal in location

  • produce enzymes found in gastric juice
  • pepsin and lipase
61
Q

pepsin

A

digest proteins

62
Q

lipase

A

digest fats

63
Q

gastric enteroendocrine cells

A

present throughout entire GI tract
-very common in small intestine

in gastric glands - between chief cells and basement menbrane

64
Q

synthesis and storage of enteric hormones?

A

by gastric enteroendocrine cells

hormones:
gastrin
somatostain
VIP
serotonin
GIP

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions