Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSS - GI Exam 1 > Esophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Esophagus and Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal

A 
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 layers of gut tube?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mucosa of gut tube

A

lining of internal passages
-thin for absorption/secretion

mucus glands common in CT (lubrication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 layers of mucosa

A

epithelium (including basement membrane)
lamina propria - loose CT
muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epithelium of mucosa

A

varies depending on region of canal

-protective, secretory, or absorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lamina propria of mucosa

A

loose CT underlying and supporting epithelium

contains:
small vessels and lymphatics
nerves
mucosal glands may be present
varying amounts of lymphoid tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

muscularis mucosae of mucosa

A

consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal

3rd layer sometimes present (stomach)

  • obliquely oriented
  • allows fine movements of epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

submucosa of gut tube?

A

layer of CT with some elastic fibers
-provide mobility for mucosa

  • plexuses of larger blood vessels
  • lymphatics
  • nerves
  • PS ganglia (meissners plexus)
  • submucosal glands (esophagus and duodenum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meissners plexus

A

PS ganglia in submucosa of gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscularis externa of gut tube

A

two layers of smooth muscle

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal
vascular and ANS plexi between muscular layers
PS ganglia (auerbachs plexus)

maintains tonus in tube

propels luminal contents onward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

auerbachs plexus

A

PS ganglia of muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adventitia of gut tube

A

outermost coat of dense CT
-blends with CT of surrounding areas

serosa - aka mesentery

where vessels and nerves are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GI tract

A

hollow muscular tube

-starts at esophagus and ends at anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endoderm

A

forms epithelial lining of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mesoderm

A

CT and smooth muscle of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

as it moves caudally (GI tract)

A

lumen widens
increased surface area of tube
goblet cells increase in number
lymphatic infiltration of CT increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

esophagus

A

connects pharynx to stomach

-warm/cools food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stomach

A

retaining/mixing reservoir

  • gastric juices (to begin digestion)
  • absorption limited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

absorption in esophagus?

A

no

-maybe tiny tiny amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

absorption in stomach

A 
some salts
water
glucose
alcohol
drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 regions of stomach

A

body
fundus
cardium
pylorus

body and fundus histologically indentical**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

small intestine

A

three parts:
duodenum
jejunum
ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

duodenum

A

retroperitoneal
-bile and pancreatic ducts enter
10-12 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

jejunum

A

2/5 of length (8 feet)

peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ileum
peritoneal | remaining 3/5 (12 feet)
26
large intestine
reabsorption of water -dehydration of chyme 6 portion
27
portions of colon?
``` cecum appendix ascending transverse descending sigmoid ```
28
rectum
separate from colon -histologically similar colon to anus muscularis externa is complete mucosal folds bulge into lumen connects to anal canal
29
anal canal
rectum to anus connection
30
pectinate line
in anal canal | -epithelial change from simple columnar to stratified squamous (wet)
31
esophagus mucosa?
lined with thick stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium -rests on acellular CT
32
esophagus lamina propria?
boundary provides better attachment for epithelium - peg = downward rojection of epithelium - papillae = upward projections of CT
33
contents of esophagus lamina propria?
scattered lymphatic nodules, cardiac esophageal glands (mucous secreting)
34
muscularis mucosa of esophagus?
well developed and may contain several layers of smooth muscle and some elastic fibers
35
submucosa of esophagus?
longitudinal folds -star shaped lumen lumen can dilate to pass food bolus esophageal glands scattered -secrete mucous
36
muscularis externa of esophagus?
smooth/skeletal muscle ration increases - upper - skeletal - lower - smooth - finally, no skeletal
37
adventitia of esophagus
blends with surrounding CT | -no serosa***
38
serosa of esophagus?
no no no ***
39
cardioesophageal junction
transition from esophagus to stomach -sudden change from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium - no specific muscle to contract - not a true sphincter
40
mucosa of stomach
simple columnar epithelium - gastric pits with gastric glands - lined with various cells extensive surface for secretion
41
lamina propria of stomach
occupy slit like spaces
42
muscularis mucosa of stomach
present at level of base of glands
43
submucosa of stomach?
extends into rugae - blood and lymph vessels - peripheral nerves - CT cells
44
muscularis externa of stomach?
3 layers of smooth muscle: - inner oblique (new) - middle circular (continuous) - outer longitudinal (continuous)
45
outer tunic of stomach?
serosal layer -visceral peritoneum covers loose CT of this organ continuous with greater and lesser mesenteries
46
cardiac region of stomach?
gastric pits - 1/4 height of mucosa | lined with undifferentiated cells in base (neck of gland) and surface mucous cells on mucosal surface lining gastric pit
47
fundic region of stomach?
largest area (includes fundus and body) pits 1/3 height of mucosa
48
gastric pit
yield 3-7 gastric glands
49
cells of gland?
mucous neck cells parietal cells zymogenic chief cells enteroendocrine cells
50
mucous neck cells
neck of gland
51
parietal cells
scattered cells in neck (more toward base) | -secrete HCl
52
zymogenic chief cells
mainly in base of gland | -produce enzymes of stomach
53
enteroendocrine cells
aka argentaffin cells | -few in number, mainly in base of gland
54
pyloric region of stomach?
distal 1/3 of stomach | -gastric pit extends 1/2 depth of mucosa
55
pyloric glands
mucous secreting cell types | gastrin producing cells
56
surface mucous cells
cell of main gastric gland -columnar cells cover entire surface and line gastric pits secretes pH neutral mucous** no goblet cells**
57
goblet cells
in intestines | -none in stomach**
58
mucous neck cells
cells of main gastric gland -flattened basal nuclei secrete acidic mucous** -becomes miscible with parietal cells
59
parietal cells
cells of main gastric gland - large round or triangular cells with dark central nuclei - mixed amongst mucous neck cells produce HCl and activate acid-dependent enzymes also produce intrinsic factor - for absorption of vitamin B12 (for homeopoiesis)
60
chief cells
cells of main gastric gland -oval nuclei and mitochondria are basal in location - produce enzymes found in gastric juice - pepsin and lipase
61
pepsin
digest proteins
62
lipase
digest fats
63
gastric enteroendocrine cells
present throughout entire GI tract -very common in small intestine in gastric glands - between chief cells and basement menbrane
64
synthesis and storage of enteric hormones?
by gastric enteroendocrine cells ``` hormones: gastrin somatostain VIP serotonin GIP ```

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions