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MSS - GI Exam 1 > Organization of the Abdomen: Vasculature > Flashcards

Organization of the Abdomen: Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

bound by MSK components of abdominal wall, thoracoabdominal diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm

contains peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, and abdominopelvic viscera

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2
Q

peritoneum

A

has visceral and parietal layer

visceral on organs
parietal on body wall

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3
Q

deep to subserous fascia?

A

parietal layer

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4
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space in between visceral and parietal layers

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5
Q

peritonealized organ

A

one completey covered in visceral peritoneum

stomach, spleen, 1 and 4 of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse and sogmoid colon

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6
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum where visceral becomes continuous with the parietal layers

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7
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

has lots of pain fibers

inflammation is very painful

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8
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs

A

posterior to peritoneum
-no mesentery

kidneys, ureters, suprarenal gland

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9
Q

secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

during early development, organ was peritonealized and associated with a mesentery

mesentery pushed against posterior body and fused with surrounding parietal peritoneum

most of duodenum, ascending and descending colon, pancreas

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10
Q

gut tube development

A

initially is all invested in peritoneum
-during development, some of the gut pushed up against the posterior body wall

  • mesentery then fuses with posterior body wall
  • have a posterior fusion fascia
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11
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum

-well localized

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12
Q

innervation of parietal peritoneum

A

somatic innervation

  • same nerves that innervate the body wall
  • sensitive to heat, cold, pressure, laceration
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13
Q

innervation of visceral peritoneum

A

autonomic innervation

  • pain not well localized
  • registers information about stretch and chemical irritation
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14
Q

PERITONEAL ADHESIONS

A

-

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15
Q

-

A

-

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16
Q

-

A

-

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17
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

-

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18
Q

-

A

-

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19
Q

-

A

-

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20
Q

mesenteries?

A

double layer of peritoneum
-pathway for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to organs

dorsal and ventral mesentery

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21
Q

liver

A

forms inside a mesentery

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22
Q

falciform ligament

A

liver to anterior body wall

-contains ligamentum teres hepatis

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23
Q

ligamentum teres hepatis

A

aka round ligament of the liver

obliterated part of the umbilical vein

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24
Q

coronary ligaments

A

peritoneal attachment of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
-left and right, anterior and posterior portions

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25
lesser omentum
lesser curvature of stomach/duodenum to liver hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
26
hepatogastric ligament
-
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hepatoduodenal ligament
-
28
triangular ligament
-
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-
31
greater omentum
attached to greater curvature of stomach gastrocolic ligament gastrosplenic ligament gastrophrenic ligament
32
gastrocolic ligament
hangs down from stomach to transverse colon
33
gastrosplenic ligament
stomach to spleen
34
gastrophrenic ligament
fundus of stomach to diaphragm
35
phrenicocolic ligament
sustentaculum lienis | -diaphragm to left colic flexure
36
mesoesophagus
-
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sigmoid mesocolon
mesentery to sigmoid colon
41
transverse mesocolon
mesentery to transverse colon
42
mesentery proper
mesentery of small intestine
43
mesoappendix
-mesentery to appendix
44
peritoneal cavity
space between visceral and parietal layers of peritoneum -filled with serous fluid allowing organs to move freely divided into greater and lesser sac
45
lesser sac
omental bursa | -posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
46
greater sac
supracolic compartment infracolic compartment paracolic gutter
47
supracolic compartment
-everything above transverse colon
48
infracolic compartment
-everything below transverse colon
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-
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greater sac
everything anterior to stomach and its mesenteries
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lesser sac
everything posterior to stomach and its mesenteries
54
supracolic vs infracolic
below transverse colon is infracolic | above transverse colon is supracolic
55
infracolic compartment division
left and right paracolic gutter | left and right infracolic compartment
56
separation of infracolic compartment
mesentery proper
57
paracolic gutters
between posterolateral body wall and ascending/descending colon ascending (right) descending (left)
58
omental bursa
lesser sac
59
epiploic foramen
aka foramen of winslow communication between greater and lesser sac
60
boundaries of epipolic foramen
anterior - hepatoduodenal ligament posterior - inferior vena cava superior - liver inferior - first part of duodenum
61
ascites
excess fluid in peritoneal cavity -anything that is not serous fluid -ascitic fluid becomes purulent and lead to abscess caused by currhosis, portal HTN, kidney failure, CHF, ruptured ulcer, abdominal cancer, internal bleeding
62
ascitic fluid pooling?
there are certain locations that fluid likes to pool in supracolic of greater sac subphrenic recess and hepatorenal recess
63
subphrenic recess
between diaphragm and liver
64
hepatorenal recess
between liver and right kidney
65
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arteries of abdominal GI tract
3 unpaired, anterior branches of abdominal aorta that provide blood to most of GI tracdt from distal esophagus to proximal anal canal
70
celiac artery
T12 | artery of fore gut
71
superior mesenteric artery
L1 | artery of mid gut
72
inferior mesenteric artery
L3 | artery of hind gut
73
anterior midline vascular plane arteries?
celiac artery, SMA, IMA unpaired visceral
74
celiac trunk
artery of foregut - distal esophagus to second portion of duodenum anastomose with SMA around duodenum and pancreas very short and has 3 major branches
75
branches of celiac trunk?
left gastric artery common hepatic artery splenic artery
76
left gastric artery
esophageal branch of celiac trunk | -supplies stomach and esophagus
77
common hepatic artery
heads to right divides into : gastroduodenal artery -descends posterior to first part of duodenum -blood to stomach, pancreas, duodenum proper hepatic artery -to stomach, gallbladder, liver
78
splenic artery
heads to left and is largest (looks like continuation of celiac trunk) -posterior to stomach ``` branches: pancreatic branch short gastric arteries left gastroepiploic artery splenic branches ```
79
superior mesenteric artery
supplies midgut -3rd part of duodenum to distal 2/3 of transverse colon anastomose with IMA arounddistal 2/3 of transverse colon ``` branches: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery middle colic jejunal and ileal branches right colic artery ileocolic artery ```
80
inferior pancreatiocoduodenal artery
branches to anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
81
middle colic artery
supplies transverse colon
82
jejunal and ileal branches
approximately 15
83
right colic artery
to the ascending colon
84
ileocolic artery
supplies small intestine, cecum, appendix, and part of ascending colon
85
inferior mesenteric artery
artery of hindgut distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anorectal junction anastomoses with middle and inferior rectal arteries of anorectal junction branches: left colic artery sigmoidal branches superior rectal artery
86
superior rectal artery
rectum and anal canal
87
left colic artey
-
88
sigmoidal branches
-
89
marginal artery
large anastomotic loop -ascending, transverse, descending colon where it parallels the colon ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, left colic, sidmoidal arteries occlusion in one of these arteries allows for a bypass
90
abdominal viscera venous drainage
vena comitantes drain into the hepatic portal vein
91
hepatic portal vein
begins and ends in a capillary bed receives all nutrients from nutrients (except for fat) from digestions, secretion from accessory organs of digestion, and products of RBC breakdown from the spleen and delivers to liver for processing
92
formation of hepatic portal vein
splenic vein/inferior mesenteric vein merges with superior mesenteric vein to form portal vein forms posterior to neck of pancreas, anterior to IVC around LV2 inferior mesenteric vein typically joins splenic vein posterior to body of pancreas -variation exists
93
hepatoduodenal ligament
to liver | -where the hepatic portal vein travels
94
hepatic portal system?
no valves - blood can travel both ways
95
portal-caval anastomoses
``` 4 sites: esophageal paraumbilical rectal retroperitoneal ```
96
esophageal anastomosis
between left hastric vein to esophageal veins backflow here - the esophageal veins become dilated - forms esophageal varices - can see with endoscope
97
paraumbilical anastomisis
between paraumbilical veins and superior/inferior mesenteric veins backflow here - patient has caput medula -veins are dilated and visibole around umbilicus
98
rectal anastomisis
between superior rectal vein and middle/inferior rectal veins backflow here - patient present with hemorrhoids -dilated veins that are usually due to portal HTN
99
portal HTN
liver disease
100
retriperitoneal anastomosis
between colic veins and renal/gonadal veins backflow here - no specific name but you will have dilated veins

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

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