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MSS - GI Exam 1 > Organization of the Abdomen: Vasculature > Flashcards

Organization of the Abdomen: Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

bound by MSK components of abdominal wall, thoracoabdominal diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm

contains peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, and abdominopelvic viscera

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2
Q

peritoneum

A

has visceral and parietal layer

visceral on organs
parietal on body wall

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3
Q

deep to subserous fascia?

A

parietal layer

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4
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space in between visceral and parietal layers

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5
Q

peritonealized organ

A

one completey covered in visceral peritoneum

stomach, spleen, 1 and 4 of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse and sogmoid colon

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6
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum where visceral becomes continuous with the parietal layers

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7
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

has lots of pain fibers

inflammation is very painful

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8
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs

A

posterior to peritoneum
-no mesentery

kidneys, ureters, suprarenal gland

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9
Q

secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

during early development, organ was peritonealized and associated with a mesentery

mesentery pushed against posterior body and fused with surrounding parietal peritoneum

most of duodenum, ascending and descending colon, pancreas

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10
Q

gut tube development

A

initially is all invested in peritoneum
-during development, some of the gut pushed up against the posterior body wall

  • mesentery then fuses with posterior body wall
  • have a posterior fusion fascia
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11
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum

-well localized

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12
Q

innervation of parietal peritoneum

A

somatic innervation

  • same nerves that innervate the body wall
  • sensitive to heat, cold, pressure, laceration
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13
Q

innervation of visceral peritoneum

A

autonomic innervation

  • pain not well localized
  • registers information about stretch and chemical irritation
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14
Q

PERITONEAL ADHESIONS

A

-

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15
Q

-

A

-

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16
Q

-

A

-

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17
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

-

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18
Q

-

A

-

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19
Q

-

A

-

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20
Q

mesenteries?

A

double layer of peritoneum
-pathway for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to organs

dorsal and ventral mesentery

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21
Q

liver

A

forms inside a mesentery

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22
Q

falciform ligament

A

liver to anterior body wall

-contains ligamentum teres hepatis

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23
Q

ligamentum teres hepatis

A

aka round ligament of the liver

obliterated part of the umbilical vein

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24
Q

coronary ligaments

A

peritoneal attachment of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
-left and right, anterior and posterior portions

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25
Q

lesser omentum

A

lesser curvature of stomach/duodenum to liver

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

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26
Q

hepatogastric ligament

A

-

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27
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

-

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28
Q

triangular ligament

A

-

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29
Q

-

A

-

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30
Q

-

A

-

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31
Q

greater omentum

A

attached to greater curvature of stomach
gastrocolic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament

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32
Q

gastrocolic ligament

A

hangs down from stomach to transverse colon

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33
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

stomach to spleen

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34
Q

gastrophrenic ligament

A

fundus of stomach to diaphragm

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35
Q

phrenicocolic ligament

A

sustentaculum lienis

-diaphragm to left colic flexure

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36
Q

mesoesophagus

A

-

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37
Q

-

A

-

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38
Q

-

A

-

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39
Q

-

A

-

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40
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

mesentery to sigmoid colon

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41
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

mesentery to transverse colon

42
Q

mesentery proper

A

mesentery of small intestine

43
Q

mesoappendix

A

-mesentery to appendix

44
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal layers of peritoneum
-filled with serous fluid allowing organs to move freely

divided into greater and lesser sac

45
Q

lesser sac

A

omental bursa

-posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

46
Q

greater sac

A

supracolic compartment
infracolic compartment
paracolic gutter

47
Q

supracolic compartment

A

-everything above transverse colon

48
Q

infracolic compartment

A

-everything below transverse colon

49
Q

-

A

-

50
Q

-

A

-

51
Q

-

A

-

52
Q

greater sac

A

everything anterior to stomach and its mesenteries

53
Q

lesser sac

A

everything posterior to stomach and its mesenteries

54
Q

supracolic vs infracolic

A

below transverse colon is infracolic

above transverse colon is supracolic

55
Q

infracolic compartment division

A

left and right paracolic gutter

left and right infracolic compartment

56
Q

separation of infracolic compartment

A

mesentery proper

57
Q

paracolic gutters

A

between posterolateral body wall and ascending/descending colon

ascending (right)
descending (left)

58
Q

omental bursa

A

lesser sac

59
Q

epiploic foramen

A

aka foramen of winslow

communication between greater and lesser sac

60
Q

boundaries of epipolic foramen

A

anterior - hepatoduodenal ligament
posterior - inferior vena cava
superior - liver
inferior - first part of duodenum

61
Q

ascites

A

excess fluid in peritoneal cavity
-anything that is not serous fluid

-ascitic fluid becomes purulent and lead to abscess

caused by currhosis, portal HTN, kidney failure, CHF, ruptured ulcer, abdominal cancer, internal bleeding

62
Q

ascitic fluid pooling?

A

there are certain locations that fluid likes to pool

in supracolic of greater sac

subphrenic recess and hepatorenal recess

63
Q

subphrenic recess

A

between diaphragm and liver

64
Q

hepatorenal recess

A

between liver and right kidney

65
Q

-

A

-

66
Q

-

A

-

67
Q

-

A

-

68
Q

-

A

-

69
Q

arteries of abdominal GI tract

A

3 unpaired, anterior branches of abdominal aorta that provide blood to most of GI tracdt from distal esophagus to proximal anal canal

70
Q

celiac artery

A

T12

artery of fore gut

71
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

L1

artery of mid gut

72
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

L3

artery of hind gut

73
Q

anterior midline vascular plane arteries?

A

celiac artery, SMA, IMA

unpaired visceral

74
Q

celiac trunk

A

artery of foregut - distal esophagus to second portion of duodenum

anastomose with SMA around duodenum and pancreas

very short and has 3 major branches

75
Q

branches of celiac trunk?

A

left gastric artery
common hepatic artery
splenic artery

76
Q

left gastric artery

A

esophageal branch of celiac trunk

-supplies stomach and esophagus

77
Q

common hepatic artery

A

heads to right

divides into :
gastroduodenal artery
-descends posterior to first part of duodenum
-blood to stomach, pancreas, duodenum

proper hepatic artery
-to stomach, gallbladder, liver

78
Q

splenic artery

A

heads to left and is largest (looks like continuation of celiac trunk)

-posterior to stomach

branches:
pancreatic branch
short gastric arteries
left gastroepiploic artery
splenic branches
79
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

supplies midgut
-3rd part of duodenum to distal 2/3 of transverse colon

anastomose with IMA arounddistal 2/3 of transverse colon

branches:
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
middle colic
jejunal and ileal branches
right colic artery
ileocolic artery
80
Q

inferior pancreatiocoduodenal artery

A

branches to anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

81
Q

middle colic artery

A

supplies transverse colon

82
Q

jejunal and ileal branches

A

approximately 15

83
Q

right colic artery

A

to the ascending colon

84
Q

ileocolic artery

A

supplies small intestine, cecum, appendix, and part of ascending colon

85
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

artery of hindgut

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anorectal junction

anastomoses with middle and inferior rectal arteries of anorectal junction

branches:
left colic artery
sigmoidal branches
superior rectal artery

86
Q

superior rectal artery

A

rectum and anal canal

87
Q

left colic artey

A

-

88
Q

sigmoidal branches

A

-

89
Q

marginal artery

A

large anastomotic loop
-ascending, transverse, descending colon

where it parallels the colon

ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, left colic, sidmoidal arteries

occlusion in one of these arteries allows for a bypass

90
Q

abdominal viscera venous drainage

A

vena comitantes

drain into the hepatic portal vein

91
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

begins and ends in a capillary bed

receives all nutrients from nutrients (except for fat) from digestions, secretion from accessory organs of digestion, and products of RBC breakdown from the spleen and delivers to liver for processing

92
Q

formation of hepatic portal vein

A

splenic vein/inferior mesenteric vein merges with superior mesenteric vein to form portal vein

forms posterior to neck of pancreas, anterior to IVC around LV2

inferior mesenteric vein typically joins splenic vein posterior to body of pancreas
-variation exists

93
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

to liver

-where the hepatic portal vein travels

94
Q

hepatic portal system?

A

no valves - blood can travel both ways

95
Q

portal-caval anastomoses

A 
4 sites:
esophageal
paraumbilical
rectal
retroperitoneal
96
Q

esophageal anastomosis

A

between left hastric vein to esophageal veins

backflow here - the esophageal veins become dilated

  • forms esophageal varices
  • can see with endoscope
97
Q

paraumbilical anastomisis

A

between paraumbilical veins and superior/inferior mesenteric veins

backflow here - patient has caput medula
-veins are dilated and visibole around umbilicus

98
Q

rectal anastomisis

A

between superior rectal vein and middle/inferior rectal veins

backflow here - patient present with hemorrhoids
-dilated veins that are usually due to portal HTN

99
Q

portal HTN

A

liver disease

100
Q

retriperitoneal anastomosis

A

between colic veins and renal/gonadal veins

backflow here - no specific name but you will have dilated veins

MSS - GI Exam 1 (11 decks)

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