Exam 1 Comprehensive Review Flashcards
1
Q
xiphoid
A
T10
2
Q
umbilicus
A
IV disc LV3-4
3
Q
linea semilunares
A
lateral rectus sheath
4
Q
9 regions of abdomen
A
epigastric, umbilicus, pubic
L/R - hypochondriac, lateral, inguinal
5
Q
planes of 9 regions
A
2 vertical midclavicular
subcostal LV3, transtubercular LV5
6
Q
transpyloric
A
LV1
7
Q
subcostal
A
LV3
8
Q
transumbilical
A
LV3/4
9
Q
supracristal
A
LV4
10
Q
transtubercular
A
LV5
11
Q
interspinous
A
SV1
12
Q
kidney location
A
in upper quadrants
13
Q
bony structures of abdominal wall
A
LV1-5
ribs 7-12
pelvic girdle
sternum
14
Q
deep fascia layers
A
transversalis
subserous
peritoneum
15
Q
superficial layers
A
campers fatty
scarpas membranous
scarpas to fundiform ligament**
16
Q
arcuate line
A
where rectus sheath changes
above - internal oblique splits to AP
below - all 3 layers A and transversalis P
17
Q
attachment external abdominal oblique
A
O: outer surface ribs 5-12
I: anterior iliac crest, aponeurosis to linea alba
18
Q
action external abdominal oblique
A
flex vertebral column, compress abdomen, lateral flexion and rotation OPPOSITE
19
Q
innervation of external abdominal oblique
A
intercostal
subcostal
iliohypogastric
20
Q
attachment of internal abdominal oblique
A
O: thoracolumbar fascia, A iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
I: inferior border ribs 9-12, aponeurosis to linea alba
21
Q
action of internal abdominal oblique
A
flex vertebral column, compress abdomen, lateral flexion and rotation SAME
22
Q
innervation of internal abdominal oblique
A
intercostal
subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
23
Q
cremaster muscle
A
from internal abdominal oblique
24
Q
attachments of transversus abdominus
A
O: inner surface ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
I: aponeurosis to linea alba
25
action of transversus abdominus
compress abdomen
26
innervation of transversus abdominus
intercostal
subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
27
attachments of rectus abdominus
O: pubic symphysis and crest
I: costal cartilage 5-7, xiphoid
28
action of rectus abdominus
flex vertebral column
29
innervation of rectus abdominus
ventral rami T6-12
intercostal
subcostal
30
attachments of pyramidalis
O: pubic bone; out to rectus abdominus
I: linea alba
31
action of pyramidalis
tense linea alba
32
innervation of pyramidalis
subcostal
33
median umbilical fold
used to be urachus
34
medial umbilical fold
occluded umbilical arteries
35
lateral umbilical fold
inferior epigastric vessels
36
supravesical fossa
median to medial umbilical
37
medial inguinal fossa
medial to lateral umbilical
| direct hernias
38
lateral inguinal fossa
lateral to the lateral umbilical
indirect hernias
39
T10 dermatome
umbilicus
40
L1 dermatome
iliac crest, ASIS, inguinal
41
subcostal nerve
anterior rami T12
42
thoracoabdominal nerves
anterior rami T7-11
used to be intercostal nerves
43
ilioinguinal nerve
anterior rami L1
44
iliohypogastric nerve
anterior rami L1
45
inferior epigastric artery
from external iliac deep to inguinal canal
46
superficial epigastric atrery
from external iliac superficial to inguinal canal
47
superficial circumflex iliac artery
from external iliac lateral to inguinal canal
48
superficial lymph drain to abdomen?
above transumbilical - axillary lymph nodes and some to parasternal
below transumbilical - superficial inguinal lymph nodes
49
inguinal ligament
inferior external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
50
lacunar ligament
deep medial fibers of ingunial ligament that attach to superior pubic ramus
medial border of femoral canal
51
pectineal ligament
most lateral of lacunar ligament fibers that runs along the pecten pubis
52
reflected inguinal ligament
superior fibers of inguinal ligament that cross linea alba and blend with contralateral external oblique aponeurosis
53
contents of inguinal canal
male - spermatic cord
female - round ligament of uterus
also ingunial nerve
54
lateral crus
to pubic tubercle
55
medial crus
to pubic crest
56
intercrural fibers
between lateal and medial crus
57
boundaries of inguinal canal
anterior - external oblique aponeurosis
posterior - transversalis fascia
superior - transversalis fascia, musculoaponeurotic arches of int oblique and transversu abdominus, medial crus
inferior - iliopubic tract, inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament
58
conjoint tendon
reinforce medial inguinal canal
| -attachments of internal oblique and transversus abdominus aponeurosis to form form this common tendon
59
gubernaculum
pulls testis in males and round ligament of uterus in females through the inguinal canal
60
spermatic cord
```
vas deferens
testicular artery
artery of vas deferens
cremasteric artery
lymph vessels
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
```
61
cremaster muscle innervation
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)
62
covering of spermatic cord
internal spermatic fascia - transversalis fascia
cremasteric fascia - internal abdominal oblique
external spermatic fascia - external oblique aponeurosis
tunica vaginalis - serous cavity around testis
63
more common inguinal hernia
indirect
64
canal of nuck
in females - processus vaginalis fails to close and forms pouch that can form cysts
65
indirect hernia
caused by failure of closure of processus vaginalis
lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
through deep inguinal ring
66
direct hernia
acquired, weakness of superficial inguinal ring
medial to inferior epigastric vessels
medial inguinal fossa (hasselbachs triangle)
does not extend to scrotum
67
parietal peritoneum
lots of pain fibers
68
visceral peritoneum
pain travels with autonomics
69
primary retroperitoneal
bladder, kidney, ureters
70
secondary retroperitoneal
ascending/descending colon
duodenum 2 and 3
pancreas
have fusion fascia
71
fusion fascia
easily separated during surgery
72
round ligament of liver
obliterated umbilical vein
73
lesser omentum
hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament
74
what encloses triad
hepatoduodenal ligament
75
triangular ligaments
where ends of A and P coronary ligaments meet
76
greater omentum
gastrocolic
gastrosplenic
gastrophrenic
77
phrenicocolic ligament
diaphragm to left colic flexure
supports spleen**
78
mesoesophagus
to last inch of esophagus
79
splenorenal ligament
spleen to posterior body wall
80
boundaries of epiploic foramen
anterior - hepatoduodenal ligament
posterior - IVC
superior - liver
inferior - 1st part duodenum
81
peritonitis
well localized
82
peritoneal adhesions
inflammation causes it to stick together with fibrin
can cause chronic pain
83
lesser sac
posterior to stomach and mesenteries
| -superior and inferior recess
84
greater sac
anterior to stomach and mesenteries
| -supracolic and infracolic compartment
85
infracolic compartment
left and right by mesentery proper
86
paracolic gutters
right and left
87
peritoneal dialysis
vessels and lymphatics of peritoneum make it good for dialysis
88
infracolic compartment flow
left freely to pelvis
| right closed off by cecum and mesentery proper
89
paracolic gutter flow
right freely to hepatorenal and subphrenic recess
| left bound by phrenicocolic ligament
90
paracolic gutter flow inferior
both freely to pelvis
91
subphrenic recess
between liver and diaphragm
92
hepatorenal recess
between liver and right kidney
| fluid likes to pool here
93
celiac trunk
T12
94
SMA
L1
95
IMA
L3
96
supplied by celiac trunk
esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, duodenum first half
97
supplied by SMA
2nd half duodenum to proximal transverse colon
98
supplied by IMA
distal transverse colon to anus
99
branches of celiac trunk
left gastric artery
common hepatic artery
splenic artery
100
branches of SMA
```
middle colic
jejunal branches
ilieal branches
right colic
ileocolic - ileal, appendicular, AP cecal, ascending colic
```
101
branches of IMA
left colic
sigmoidal
superior rectal
102
formation of HPV
splenic and IMV merge
| join SMV to form HPV
103
esophageal varices
left gastric vein to esophageal veins
104
caput medusa
superior and inferior epigastric veins to paraumbilical veins
105
hemorrhoids
medial/inferior rectal veins to superior rectal veins
106
retroperitoneal anastomosis
gonadal/renal vein to ileocolic, right, middle, left colic veins
don't see clinically
107
esophagus enter abdomen
TV10
| enters stomach TV11
108
phrenicoesophageal ligaments
loose diaphragm to esophagus
109
Z-line
gastro-esophageal junction
| -stratified squamous to columnar epithelium
110
constriction of esophagus
cervical - cricopharyngenous muscle
thoracic - aortic arch
diaphragmatic
111
paraesophageal hernia
fundus region of stomach
112
sliding hernia
cardiac region of stomach
congenitally short esophagus
113
gastrectomy
partial possible because of collateral arterial flow
however, lymph drainage is difficult to get rid of
114
cardia region of stomach
TV11
115
pylorus of stomach
LV1-2
116
ulcer of stomach
can erode to splenic vessels
117
gastric canal
rugae parallel along lesser curve of stomach
118
pyloric sphincter
sympathetic innervation
119
blood supply of stomach
all three branches of celiac trunk
120
duodenum 1
superior LV1
| peritonealized (hepatoduodenal ligament)
121
duodenum 2
descending LV1-3
retroperitoneal
major and minor papilla
122
duodenum 3
transverse LV3
| retroperitoneal
123
duodenum 4
ascending LV3-2
| beginning retro, end peritonealized
124
duodenal ulcer
gastroduodenal artery
125
suspensory ligament of treitz
supports duodenojejunal flexure
126
paraduodenal hernias
folds of peritoneum around 3 and 4 of duodenum
- small intestine can herniate
- surgery care for inferior mesenteric vessels
127
jejunum vs. ileum
jejunum - thicker, more plica, more vascular
| ileum - more fat, more peyers patches (lymph)
128
paralytic ileus
obstruction due to blood occlusion
129
tenia coli
longitudinal muscle on large intestine
pulls colon into haustra (sacs)
130
cecum and appendix
peritonealized in RLQ
131
appendicitis
pain T10 dermatome to RLQ
132
hepatic flexure
right colic
133
splenic flexure
right colic
| -supported by phrenicocolic ligament
134
ampulla of rectum
terminal portion
135
internal sphincter
sympathetic constriction
| PS relaxation
136
external sphincter
skeletal m.
| inferior rectal nerve
137
pectinate line
endo/ectoderm split in anus
| -at base of anal columns
138
internal hemorrhoids
dilated internal venous plexus
139
external hemorrhoids
dilated external venous plexus
140
spleen
LUQ
141
accessory spleen
in gastrosplenic ligament
142
duct of wirsung
main pancreatic duct
-tail body head
merges with common bile duct
to form hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater
143
sphincter of oddi
of hepatopancratic ampulla of vater
144
pancreatitis
commonly caused by gallstone obstruction
| -bile reflux
145
pancreatic cancer
can obstruct bile duct
| -secondary jaundice
146
liver
RUQ
| can regenerate until cirrhosis
147
porta hepatis
hilum of liver
148
bare area of liver
liver contacts diphragm
| -phrenic nerve pain to neck
149
portal triad
proper hepatic artery A/L
bile duct A/R
HPV P
150
drainage of hepatorenal recess
incision at 12th rib
151
functional lobes of liver
caudate and quadrate are left
| -determined by branches of hepatic artery
152
liver lobule
6 hepatocytes around 1 central vein
- periphery - triad
- center is central vein
blood to center
bile to periphery
153
liver blood supply
most HPV
| some celiac trunk proper hepatic a.
154
liver biopsy
10th ICS midaxillary
155
gallbladder level
9th ICS MCL on right
156
cholecystenteric fistula
chronic inflammation
| -hap to duodenum or transverse colon
157
parotid gland
```
serous
salivary amylase (carbs)
```
158
submandibular gland
mixed
159
sublingual gland
mucous
160
minor salivary gland
mucous
161
vermillion zone
lips - colored portion
| dermal papillae
162
decidious teeth
20 as child
163
adult teeth
20 succedaneous
| 12 molars
164
crown
of tooth
| above gingiva
165
ameloblast
regenerate enamel
166
odontoblas
regenerate dentin
167
peridontal ligament
dense collagen CT binds tooth to socket
168
gingiva
type 1 collagen
| attaches via hemidesmosomes (forms barrier)
169
hard palate
A - adipose
| P - minor salivary glands
170
soft palate
skeletal m.
| minor salivary glands
171
uvula
extension of soft palate
172
tongue muscle
extrinsic to outside of tongue
```
intrinsic:
superior long
inferior long
vertical
transverse
```
173
glands of nuhn
mucous on tongue
174
von ebners glands
serous on tongue
175
sulcus terminalis
seperates A/P tongue
| -has foramen cecum
176
filiform papillae
scrapers
no taste buds
stratified squamous cornified
177
fungiform papillae
taste buds dorsal
178
circumvallate papillae
taste buds lateral
8-12 anterior to sulcus terminalis
von ebners open
179
foliate papillae
posterolateral tongue
nenoate taste buds
180
taste buds
basal progenitor cells
sustentacular supportive cells
gustatory neuroepithelial cells
181
5 tastes
salt and sour - ion channels
| sweet, bitter, savory (umami) - membrane receptors
182
sweet taste
tip of tongue
183
salty taste
tip of tongue and lateral
184
sour taste
lateral middle tongue
185
bitter and umami taste
posterior middle tongue
186
intraembryonic body cavity
lateral plate mesoderm
187
body wall defects
ventral body wall fails to fuse
188
ectopic cordis
thorax body wall defect
189
gastroschisis
abdomen body wall defect
190
cantrells pentology
```
ectopic cordis
cleft sternum
gastroschisis
diaphragmatic hernia
congenital heart defects
```
191
ventral mesentery
caudal foregut to proximal duodenum
- lesser omentum
- falciform
- coronary/triangular
192
septum transversum
somites C345
| -forms diaphragm (part)
193
pleuropericardial membrane
separate pleural and pericardial cavity
194
pleuroperitoneal membrane
separate pleural and peritoneal cavity
195
formation of diaphragm
septum transversum - central tendon and muscle
| pleuroperitoneal membrane - central tendon
196
innervation of diaphragm
motor - phrenic
| sensory -phrenic central tendon, intercostal muscles
197
bochdalek hernia
posterolateral
incomplete pleuroperitoneal membrane
lungs and heart compressed
-hypoplasia
198
morgagni hernia
parasternal
anterior defect in muscular portion
small, sometimes not detected
199
eventration fo diaphragm
weakness due to failed myotome migration
| -abdominal visceral balloon into thoracic cavity
200
endoderm
epithelium and glands of gut tube
201
mesodoerm
CT and smooth m. of gut tube
202
ectoderm
epithelium at ends of gut tube
203
stomodeum
oral cavity
204
proctodeum
anus
205
initial closure of gut tube?
rostral - oropharyngeal membrane
| caudal- cloacal membrane
206
stenosis
narrowing
207
atresia
completely blocked off
208
esophagus development
week 5 lumen obliterates
| -week 8 recanalizes
209
congenital hiatal hernia
esophagus doesnt lengthen
210
transesophageal fistula
trachea to esophagus opening
211
stomach development
rotates 90 clockwise longitudinally
rotates A/P axis 45
stretches dorsal mesentery (greater omentum)
-omental bursa
212
pyloric stenosis
hyperptrophy of smooth m. around pyloric sphincter
213
spleen formation
from mesenchymal cells in two layers of mesogastrium
| -rotation puts spleen to left
214
liver formation
liver bud from part 2 duodenum
| -endoderm - parenchyma; mesoderm - stroma
215
gallbladder formation
evagination of bile duct
216
pancreas formation
from 2nd portion of duoenum
ventral bud from liver bud
dorsal bud from dorsal duodenum
rotation of duodenum fuses the two buds
217
accessory pancreatic tissue
abnormal migration
| can degrade tissue
218
annular pancreas
bifid pancreatic bud - encircles duodenum
219
maternal diabetes
hypertrophy insulin secreting cells
| increased rate of insulin production
220
duodenum formation
1 and 2 foregut
| 3 and 4 midgut
221
duodenal stenosis
failure to recanalize
mainly 3rd part
green colored - stenosis distal to 2nd part
white colored - proxinal to 2nd part
222
midgut formation
remains in communication with yolk sac
-via vitelline duct
week 5 midgut loop
week 6 herniation
rotation 270 counterclockwise twists mesentery proper and ascending/descending colon 2 retroperitoneal
week 10-12 retraction of herniated loop
- jejunum first
- cecum last (RUQ than descends)
223
appendix formation
after midgut returns to abdomen
as cecum descends
224
omphalocele
failure of midgut to retract to abdomen
| -tissue covered by amniotic membrane**
225
gastroschisis
gut herniates through weakness in body wall
- typically lateral to umbilicus (to right)
- not covered by amniotic membrane**
true ventral body wall defect
226
umbilical hernia
gut herniates into umbilical cord after returning to abdominal cavity
-covered by skin/subQ tissue
227
meckels diverticulum
persistence of vitelline duct
- forms diverticulum
- sometimes fistula (poopy belly button)
rule of 2's:
- 2% population
- 2x more in males
- within distal 2 feet ileum
- 2 inches long
- 2% symptomatic before age 2** (like appendicitis)
- 2 types of tissue (gastric/pancreatic)
228
malrotation of gut
volvulus and potential loss of blood supply
| volvulus - twisting of intestine
229
cloaca
distal most portion of gut tube
-endoderm lined cavity
cloacal membrane ruptures week 7
230
urorectal septum
separates claca into urogenital sinus and anorectal canal
231
hirschprungs disease
congenital megacolon
- failure of neural crest cells to migrate into large intestine or rectum
- absense of PS ganglia
232
fistulas and atresias of cloaca
improper formation of urorectal septum
fistula - abnormal urorectal septum formation
233
4 layers of gut tube
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia
234
layers of mucosa
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae - inner circ/ outer long
235
muscularis mucosa
third layer of mucosa
in stomach sometimes has 3rd oblique layer of muscles
236
submucosa
layer of CT with some elastic fibers
has meissners plexus (PS)
vessels, lymph, nerves
237
muscularis externa
inner circ
outer long
auerbachs plexus between layers (PS)
238
adventitia
outermost coat of dense CT
| -often blends with CT
239
serosa
single layer of mesothelial cells
| entire coat is serosa
240
epithelial
endoderm
241
absorption in stomach
```
some salts
water
glucose
alcohol
drugs
```
242
anatomical vs histological regions of stomach
anatomy - body, fundus, cardium, pylorus
| histo - histo fundus (body and fundus), cardium, pylorus
243
jejunum
2/5
244
ileum
3/5
245
large intestine
water reabsorption
| dehydration of chyme
246
pectinate line
simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous wet epithelium
247
epithelium of esophagus
stratified squamous non-cornified
248
lamina propria of esophagus
peg downward
papilla upward
scattered lymph
cardiac esophageal glands (mucous)
249
muscularis mucosa of esophagus
well developed with some elastic fibers
250
submucosa of esophagus
longitudinal folds
| star shaped lumen
251
muscularis externa as go down GI tract?
upper esophagus - skeletal muscle
| lower esophagus - smooth muscle
252
esophagus
has adventitia but no serosa
253
cardioesophageal junction
stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium
254
stomach epithelium
thick mucosa
simple columnar epithelium
mucous cells not goblet cells
255
gastric pits
invaginations of epithelium of stomach
256
muscularis externa layers
inner oblique
middle circ
outer long
257
outer tunic of stomach
serosal layer
258
cardiac region of stomach
surface mucous cells
undifferentiated cells
cardiac gastric glands empty to base of each pit
259
fundic region of stomach
gastric pit that had 3-7 glands
```
gland cells:
mucous neck cells
parietal cells
zymogenic chief cells
enteroendocrine cells (argentaffin cells)
```
260
pyloric region
short coiled glands
mucous secreting cells
gastrin producing cells
261
pyloric sphincter
hypertrophied the middle layer of muscularis externa (circular)
262
surface mucous cells
neutral mucous
263
mucous neck cells
acidic mucus
264
parietal cells
HCl, activiate enzymes
intrinsic factor - B12 absorption
pink to red stain
265
chief cells
produce pepsin and lipase
pale stain
266
enteroendocrine cells
```
secrete:
gastrin
somatostatin
VIP
serotonin
GIP
```
267
3 magnitudes of folding in small intestine
microvilli
villi
plica circulares
268
microvilli
cytoplasmic projections of cell membrane
269
villi
evagination of mucosa with lamina propria core
270
villus in different areas of small intestine
duodenum - broad short leaf like
jejunum - tongue like
ileum - tall, narrow, finger like
271
plica circulares
circular folds of entire mucosa - core of submucosa
begin in proximal duodenum
absent in distal half of ileum
272
brunners glands
submucosa duodenal glands
273
inestinal crypts
in small intestines
| -similar to gastric glands
274
enteroendocrine secretions of the small intestine
```
incretins
GIPs
serotonin
somatostatin
motilin
CCK
neurotensin
VIP
substance P
endorphins
```
275
paneth cells
in base of intestinal crypts
-large acidophilic granules
lysozymes and peptide defensins
276
M cells
in epithelium
transport antigens to APCs
277
lamina propria of small intestine
lymphoid tissue - peyers patches
lots in lieum with lots of M cells as well
278
serosa in small intestine
jejunum and ileum have serosa with mesentery
279
large intestine
lacks villi
280
crypts of lieberkuhn
intestinal crypts in large intestine
longer, more closely packed
paneth absent
281
large intestine epithelium
```
simple columnar (like small intestine)
goblet cells more numerous
```
282
plica circulares in large intestines
not present in large intestine
-have plica semilunares
produce haustra
283
muscularis externa of colon
incomplete
outer longitudinal layer is in bands
tenia coli
284
appendices epiploicae
adipose attachments to colon
285
rectum muscularis externa
complete again
286
rectum serosa
present on upper 1/3
absent from lower rectum / anal canal
287
plica transversalis
transverse folds of mucosa in rectum
288
rectal columns
longitudinal folds in mucous membrane in the rectum
289
anal canal CT in submucosa
subepithelial circumanal glands
longitudinal thin walled veins
290
muscularis externa of anal canal
internal - internal anal sphincter
| external sphincter from skeletal muscle
291
ileocecal junction
separated by muscle from the muscularis externa
292
caudal anal canal
anal verge
changes to stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized
sweat glands
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
293
anal verge
epithelium of canal becomes continuous with perineal skin
294
pancreas level
LV2
| retroperitoneal
295
development of pancreas
endoderm
| ventral and dorsal buds
296
injured during splenectomy
pancreatic tail
lies at TV12
297
venous drainage of pancreas
head and body - A P arcades
| body and tail - splenic veins
298
exocrine pancreas
acinar cells - amylase, lipase, trypsinogen
ductal cells - water and electrolytes
centroacinar and intercalated duct cells -bicarb
299
final digestive juice from pancreas
alkaline, isosmotic
enzymes activated by acid in duodenum
300
endocrine pancreas
islets of langerhans
301
alpha cells
glucagon
302
beta cells
insulin, amylin
303
delta cells
somatostatin
304
PP cells
pancreatic polypeptide
305
delta 1
VIP
306
EC beta cells
secretin motilin substance P
307
epsilon cells
ghrelin
308
ghrelin
stimulates appetite
309
islet acinar axis
paracrine relationships
| each islet is like mini organ with blood supply
310
renal arteries level
LV1 LV2
| right longer than left
311
nutcracker syndrome
left renal vein pinched
| between SMA and aorta
312
suprarenal gland
primary retroperitoneal
cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, E, NE
313
arterial supply of suprarenal gland
superior suprarenal a from inferior phrenic a
middle suprarenal a from aorta
inferior suprarenal a from renal a
314
left suprarenal vein
to left renal vein
315
median arcuate ligament
at TV12 - between right and left crus
| -forms aortic hiatus
316
medial arcuate ligament
over psoas major
317
lateral arcuate ligament
over quadratus lumborum
318
lumbocostal triangle
muscle weakness between costal and lumbar portions of diaphragm
common site of herniation
319
caval hiatus
TV8
| IVC and right phrenic nerve
320
esophageal hiatus
TV10
| esophagus, A/P vagal trunks, left gastric a
321
aortic hiatus
TV12
| aorta and thoracic duct
322
diaphragm innervation
motor - phrenic
| sensory - phrenic, intercostal
323
diaphragm pain referred to
C345 dermatomes
324
left inferior phrenic vein
merges with suprarenal v to left renal v to IVC
325
psoas major attachments
O: TV12-LV5 and IV discs
I: lesser trochanter
326
psoas major innervation
ventral rami L1-3
327
psoas minor innervation
ventral rami L1
328
iliacus innervation
femoral nerve
329
quadratus lumborum innervation
ventral rami T12-L4
330
psoas sign
pain with thigh extension
indicate abdominal infection
331
subcostal nerve
T12
332
lumbar plexus
ventral rami L1-5
333
iliohypogastric nerve
L1
334
ilioinguinal nerve
L1
335
femoral nerve
L2-4
336
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
L2-3
337
genitofemoral nerve
L1-2
338
obturator nerve
L2-4
339
lumbosacral trunk
L4-5
340
division of aorta
LV4
341
inferior phrenic artery level
TV12
342
celiac trunk level
TV12
343
SMA level
LV1
344
middle suprarenal artery level
LV1
345
renal artery level
LV1 LV2
346
gonadal artery level
LV2
347
IMA level
LV3
348
median sacral artery level
LV4
349
common iliac level
LV4
divides at LV5 to external and internal
350
anterior midline arteries
celiac
SMA
IMA
unpaired visceral
351
lateral arteries
suprarenal
renal
gonadal
paired visceral
352
posterolateral arteries
subcostal
inferior phrenic
lumbar
paired parietal
353
common iliac veins to IVC
LV5
