Pain Recogn & Ass

Question 1

Signs of pain

Answer 1

Loss of normal behavior
Expression of abnormal behaviors
Altered facial expressions
Physiologic parameters
Reaction to touch

Question 2

Loss of normal behavior

Answer 2

V ambulation/activity
Lethargic attitude
V appetite, grooming

Question 3

Expression of abnormal behaviors

Answer 3

Inappropriate elimination
Vocalization, aggression
V interaction w pets/family
Altered posture
Restlessness, hiding

Question 4

Altered facial expression

Answer 4

Best for short to moderate duration of pain
Emotions can be associated with Human emotions

Question 5

Physiologic parameters

Answer 5

^ HR, RR, temp, BP, pupil dilation

Question 6

Reaction to touch

Answer 6

^ body tension or flinching in response to gentle palpation of regions
(Neck, back, hips, elbows)

Question 7

Tools for pain assessment

Answer 7

Pain face
Descriptive scale
Categorized numerical rating scale
Visual analog scale
Dynamic interactive visual analog scale
Composite scale

Question 8

Reference points and species for pain face

Answer 8

Points: ears, eyes, nose, forehead, mouth, cheeks
Species: mice, rats, dogs, cats, horses, cattle, swine, sheep, ferrets, rabbits, primates, seals

Question 9

Feline grimace scale

Answer 9

> 4/10 = cat needs rescue analgesia
0 - ears up, eyes open, relaxed, whiskers loose
1 - ears slightly apart, mild tense
2 - ears flattened/rotated, squinted eyes, tense, whiskers straight/moving forward

Question 10

CSU scale includes

Answer 10

Psychological & behaviors
Response to palpation
Body tension

Question 11

0- CSU k9 scale

Answer 11

Psychological & behaviors -Comfortable, happy
Response to palpation - nontender
Body tension - minimal

Question 12

1 - CSU k9 scale

Answer 12

Psychological & behaviors - content/unsettled
Response to palpation - reacts to palp on wound, surgery site
Body tension - mild

Question 13

2 - CSU k9 scale

Answer 13

Psychological & behaviors - looks uncomfortable, not eager to interact
Response to palpation - flinches, pulls away
Body tension - mild to moderate (reassess analgesic plan)

Question 14

3 - CSU k9 scale

Answer 14

Psychological & behaviors - unsettled, vocal, guarding /protective
Response to palpation - subtle shifting, RR, dramatic
Body tension - moderate (reassess plan)

Question 15

4 - CSU k9 scale

Answer 15

Psychological & behaviors - consistent vocalization, unresponsive to surroundings
Response to palpation - cries at non-painful palpation, aggressive
Body tension - moderate to severe, rigid to avoid movement

Question 16

0 - CSU feline scale

Answer 16

Psychological & behaviors - content & quiet
Response to palpation - not bothered
Body tension - minimal

Question 17

1- CSU feline scale

Answer 17

Psychological & behaviors - withdrawal from surroundings, less interested
Response to palpation - may or may not react
Body tension - mild

Question 18

2- CSU feline scale

Answer 18

Psychological & behaviors - seeks solitude, lays curled or tucked, lack of grooming
Response to palpation - responds aggressively
Body tension - mild to moderate

Question 19

3 - CSU feline scale

Answer 19

Psychological & behaviors - constant vocalization
Response to palpation - vocal at non-painful palp
Body tension - moderate

Question 20

4 - CSU feline scale

Answer 20

Psychological & behaviors - prostrate/exposed
Response to palpation - may or may not respond
Body tension - moderate to severe

Question 21

Pain with interaction

Answer 21

Can be temporarily distracted or calm
Doses of opioids help
Identifiable source of pain
Aware and responsive

Question 22

Dysphoria with interaction

Answer 22

Difficult to distract or calm
Doses of opioids do NOT help
Not identifiable source of pain
Fixed, dilated pupils, unresponsive