Pain Recogn & Ass Flashcards
Signs of pain
Loss of normal behavior
Expression of abnormal behaviors
Altered facial expressions
Physiologic parameters
Reaction to touch
Loss of normal behavior
V ambulation/activity
Lethargic attitude
V appetite, grooming
Expression of abnormal behaviors
Inappropriate elimination
Vocalization, aggression
V interaction w pets/family
Altered posture
Restlessness, hiding
Altered facial expression
Best for short to moderate duration of pain
Emotions can be associated with Human emotions
Physiologic parameters
^ HR, RR, temp, BP, pupil dilation
Reaction to touch
^ body tension or flinching in response to gentle palpation of regions
(Neck, back, hips, elbows)
Tools for pain assessment
Pain face
Descriptive scale
Categorized numerical rating scale
Visual analog scale
Dynamic interactive visual analog scale
Composite scale
Reference points and species for pain face
Points: ears, eyes, nose, forehead, mouth, cheeks
Species: mice, rats, dogs, cats, horses, cattle, swine, sheep, ferrets, rabbits, primates, seals
Feline grimace scale
> 4/10 = cat needs rescue analgesia
0 - ears up, eyes open, relaxed, whiskers loose
1 - ears slightly apart, mild tense
2 - ears flattened/rotated, squinted eyes, tense, whiskers straight/moving forward
CSU scale includes
Psychological & behaviors
Response to palpation
Body tension
0- CSU k9 scale
Psychological & behaviors -Comfortable, happy
Response to palpation - nontender
Body tension - minimal
1 - CSU k9 scale
Psychological & behaviors - content/unsettled
Response to palpation - reacts to palp on wound, surgery site
Body tension - mild
2 - CSU k9 scale
Psychological & behaviors - looks uncomfortable, not eager to interact
Response to palpation - flinches, pulls away
Body tension - mild to moderate (reassess analgesic plan)
3 - CSU k9 scale
Psychological & behaviors - unsettled, vocal, guarding /protective
Response to palpation - subtle shifting, RR, dramatic
Body tension - moderate (reassess plan)
4 - CSU k9 scale
Psychological & behaviors - consistent vocalization, unresponsive to surroundings
Response to palpation - cries at non-painful palpation, aggressive
Body tension - moderate to severe, rigid to avoid movement
0 - CSU feline scale
Psychological & behaviors - content & quiet
Response to palpation - not bothered
Body tension - minimal
1- CSU feline scale
Psychological & behaviors - withdrawal from surroundings, less interested
Response to palpation - may or may not react
Body tension - mild
2- CSU feline scale
Psychological & behaviors - seeks solitude, lays curled or tucked, lack of grooming
Response to palpation - responds aggressively
Body tension - mild to moderate
3 - CSU feline scale
Psychological & behaviors - constant vocalization
Response to palpation - vocal at non-painful palp
Body tension - moderate
4 - CSU feline scale
Psychological & behaviors - prostrate/exposed
Response to palpation - may or may not respond
Body tension - moderate to severe
Pain with interaction
Can be temporarily distracted or calm
Doses of opioids help
Identifiable source of pain
Aware and responsive
Dysphoria with interaction
Difficult to distract or calm
Doses of opioids do NOT help
Not identifiable source of pain
Fixed, dilated pupils, unresponsive