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Moving Exam 2 > Neurobiology 7 > Flashcards

Neurobiology 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Regulates involuntary physiologic processes
- HR, BP, RT, GIT, sex function
Composed of sympathetic, para & enteric systems

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2
Q

Function, effector organs, motor pathways of autonomic system

A

Visceral sensation, cardiac & smooth muscle contraction, gland secretion
Smooth muscle glands, cardiac muscle
Two neurons that synapse outside the CNS

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3
Q

Function, effector organ and motor pathways of somatic NS

A

Conscious sensation & voluntary movement
Skeletal muscle
One neuron, cell body in CNS

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4
Q

Autonomic NS neurotransmitter & receptors

A

Cholinergic (bind acetylcholine)
- muscarinic - postganglionic parasympathetic
- nicotinic - preganglionic & somatic
Adrenergic (bind norepinephrine)
- Alpha & beta (depends on tissue)
- postganglionic sympathetic

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5
Q

Sympathetic NS, function, response time, location of ganglia & origin

A

function - response to stress
response time - fast
location of ganglia - in chain parallel to the spinal cord
origin - lateral horns of thoracic & lumber spinal grey matter

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6
Q

Sympathetic NS, length of motor neurons, neurotransmitter released by presynaptic neuron, neurotransmitter released by post synaptic neuron

A

length of motor neurons - short preganglionic, long postganglionic
neurotransmitter released by presynaptic neuron = acetylcholine
neurotransmitter released by post synaptic neuron - norepinephrine (sweat glands exception)

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7
Q

Parasympathetic NS
Function, response time, location of ganglia, origin

A

Function - maintains homeostasis
response time - slower
location of ganglia - in or near target organ
origin - brain stem nuclei & sacral spinal grey matter

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8
Q

Parasympathetic NS
Length of motor neurons, neurotrans released by presynaptic neuron, neurotrans released by postsynaptic neuron

A

Length of motor neurons - long pregang, short postgang
neurotrans released by presynaptic neuron - acetylcholine
neurotrans released by postsynaptic neuron - acetylcholine

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9
Q

Innervation & location of synaptic NS

A

Innervates nearly every tissue in the body
Ganglia located in a chain adjacent to the spinal cord

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10
Q

Sympathetic NS pre & post neuro

A

Short Pregang releases acetylcholine that binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors
Long Postgang releases norepinephrine that binds to alpha or beta Adrenergic receptors

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11
Q

Sympathetic sweat gland exception to neurotrans

A

Short pregang release acetylcholine that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors
Long postgang release acetylcholine that bind to muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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12
Q

Parasympathetic NS pre & post gang neurotrans

A

Long pregang releases acetylcholine that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors
Short postgang releases acetylcholine that bind to muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters of adrenal gland

A

Pregang receptors release acetylcholine that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the adrenal glands
Endocrine cells spread the signal/chemical to the entire body
80% secrete epinephrine into the blood
20% secrete norepinephrine into the blood

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14
Q

SNS pregang neuron

A

Short axon, cell bodies in intermediolateral cell column, synapses in sympathetic ganglion
NT = acetylcholine receptor = nicotinic

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15
Q

SNS postgang neuron

A

Long axon, cell bodies in sympathetic ganglion, synapses on effector organ
NT = norepinephrine, receptor = alpha or beta

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16
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Endocrine gland, release chemical messengers to blood
Cortex - controlled by pit gland
Medulla - controlled by sympathetic nerves
Releases catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine) dont synapse until they reach the target organ (adrenal)

17
Q

PNS pregang neuron

A

Long axon, cell bodies in brain & cervical spinal cord
Synapses in ganglia near or in target organ
NT = acetylcholine, receptor = nicotinic

18
Q

PNS postgang neuron

A

Short axon, cell bodies in parasympathetic ganglia
Synapses on effector organ
NT = acetylcholine, receptor = muscarinic

19
Q

CNS control of respiration

A

Main coordination is due to neurons in brainstem
SNS ^^ RR & dilates SM of bronchioles
PNS vv RR & contracts SM of bronchioles

20
Q

CNS control of HR
SA node
SNS
PNS

A

Sa node - automatically depolarizes to initiate contraction of cardiac muscle
SNS - ^ rate of depolarization of sa node, ^ Ca influx to SM to increase contraction force
PNS - v rate of depolarization

21
Q

SNS control of BP

A

Contraction of SM in vessels to GIT
Relaxation of SM in vessels to skeletal muscle

22
Q

PNS control of BP

A

Relaxation of SM in vessels to GIT
Contraction of SM in vessels to skeletal muscle

23
Q

CNS control of urination

A

PNS - contraction of bladder wall, relax sphincter
SNS - relax bladder wall, contract sphincter

24
Q

CNS control of Enteric NS

A

Web like neurons in wall of intestines
SNS - v peristalsis
PNS - ^ peristalsis

25
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

Ionotropic (electrical)
Effect skeletal muscle, autonomic ganglia, CNS, adrenal medulla

26
Q

Muscarinic receptors

A

Metabotropic (chemical signal)
3 types effecting different muscles

27
Q

M1 receptors

A

CNS, salivary gland secretion, stomach acid secretion

28
Q

M2 receptors

A

Heart rate, force, av conduction

29
Q

M3 receptors

A

SM contraction
Glandular secretion
Vasodilation in GIT

30
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

Metabotropic (chemical receptors)
Alpha 1&2
Beta 1&2

31
Q

Alpha 1&2 adrenergic receptors

A

A1 - vasoconstriction, SM contraction
A2 - negative feedback

32
Q

Beta 1&2 adrenergic receptors

A

B1 - increases HR
B2 - vasodilation, SM relaxation

33
Q

NMJ - SM

A

Neurotransmitter released from axonal swellings called varicosities
SM fibers are electrically connected by gap junctions
Axons dont have terminals, transmitter binds to Metabotropic receptors (g protein, ca, protein synth)

Moving Exam 2 (26 decks)

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