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Moving Exam 2 > Neurophys 5-6 > Flashcards

Neurophys 5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic motor pathways

A

Control skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Visceral motor pathways

A

Control GIT, glands etc

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3
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus

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5
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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6
Q

Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum & pons

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7
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

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8
Q

Motor areas

A

Prefrontal cortex - planning
Premotor cortex - coordination
Frontal eye field - control of eye movement
Motor cortex - sit of upper motor neuron cell bodies

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9
Q

Motor cortex

A

Post cruciate gyrus - pelvic, thoracic limb
Rostrum suprasylvian gyrus - eyelid, ear, masseter, temporalis muscles, lateral cervical muscles

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10
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

Site where axon in lateral corticospinal tract crossing midline
Located in caudal medulla

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11
Q

Corticospinal tracts

A

Composed of upper motor neurons
Cell bodies in motor cortex
Axons descending through white matter of brain
Synapse Lower motor neuron in ventral grey matter of spinal cord
Neurotransmitter = glutamate
All axons cross to other side - cross over pyramid region of medulla (lateral corticospinal tract)

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12
Q

Lateral corticospinal tracts function

A

Voluntary control of skeletal muscle in distal limbs
Upper motor neuron - cell body in primary motor cortex
Axon crosses midline in the ventral medulla
Axon descends in the lateral corticospinal tract
Synapses on lower motor neuron in ventral horn

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13
Q

Extrapyramidal system functions

A

Other pathways synapse on upper and lower motor neurons
Functions:
Control postural reflex
Control of head and eye movement
Regulation of muscle tone
Alternative motor pathway

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14
Q

Basal nuclei function

A

Initiation movement selection of motor response eye movement motivation

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15
Q

Reticular formation function

A

Web group of interconnected nuclei in brain stem
Regulating alertness and consciousness
Norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin

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16
Q

Vestibular nuclei

A

Input from inner ear
Info abt position & acceleration
Transmitter = glutamate
Vestibular ataxia

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17
Q

Cerebellum function & organization

A

Motor coordination
Hemispheres and vermis
Grey matter & white matter
- granular - purkinje - molecular
Connected to brain stem by white matter tracts

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18
Q

Input sensors of cerebellum

A

Vestibular nerve & nuclei - detect movement
Spinocerebellar tracts - detect body position
Motor cortex - movement info

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19
Q

UMN LMN synapse

A

Neurotransmitter = glutamate
Ionotropic receptors
Results = EPSP

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20
Q

Lower motor neuron function & location cranial nerves

A

Transmits signals to CNS to effector organ
Somatic = skeletal, directly Innervation
Ventral horn of spinal cord
- cell bodies in brain nuclei (cranial nerves)

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21
Q

Alpha motor neurons

A

Located in ventral grey matter of spinal cord
Inputs excitatory from upper MN (glutamate)
Inhibitory from Interneurons (GABA)
Modulators from extrapyramidal system
Output - axon synapses on skeletal muscle cells
Releases acetylcholine, causes contraction

22
Q

Upper motor neuron disease

A

Results in paralysis or paresis
Spasticity

23
Q

Lower motor neuron disease

A

Paralysis
Flaccidity

24
Q

Pyramidal tract section

A

Paresis
Flaccidity

25
Q

Motor unit

A

One alpha motor neuron + all innervated muscle fibers
Fine motor control, strength, each muscle fiber is innervated by just 1 motor neuron

26
Q

Motor pool

A

Groups of motor neurons that innervate all the fibers in a single muscle
MN extends over several spinal cord segments

27
Q

Motor spinal nerves

A

Cell bodies in ventral horn
Spinal nerve branches combine to innervate specific muscles

28
Q

Structure of peripheral nerves

A

Axon - myelinated or unmyelinated
Connective tissue - endometrium, around individual axons
Perineurium - around bundles of axons
Epineurium - around nerves
Schwann cells - myelinates axons

29
Q

NMJ

A

Synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell

30
Q

Somatic NS

A

Neurotransmitter = acetylcholine
Receptors - nicotinic cholinergic
= channel opens & Na+ flows into cell = depolarization
Ca released in to Endo ret = muscle contraction

31
Q

Cranial nerves vs spinal nerves

A

Cranial - have either Motor or sensory
Spinal - always have both sensory & motor

32
Q

Nerves w sensory nerves

A

Olfactory, optic, trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus

33
Q

Nerves with motor function

A

Occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

34
Q

Nerves with both motor and sensory

A

Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

35
Q

Origin of cranial nerve III, IV, VI

A

Occulomotor, trochlear, abducent
Mesencephalon, myelencephalon

36
Q

Origin of cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal
Metencephalon (3 branches)

37
Q

Origin of cranial nerve VII

A

Facial
Myelencephalon

38
Q

Origin of cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal
Myelencephalon

39
Q

Origin of cranial nerve X

A

Vagus
Myelencephalon

40
Q

Origin of cranial nerve XI

A

Spinal accessory
Myelencephalon

41
Q

Origin of cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal
Myelencephalon

42
Q

Out put of cerebellum

A

Motor cortex via thalamus - limb & body movement
Cranial nerve motor nuclei - head & eye movement

43
Q

Neurotransmitters of cerebellum

A

Trans : purkinje cells - GABA
Neurons in cerebellar nuclei release glutamine

44
Q

Location and function of lower motor neurons - spinal nerves

A

Ventral grey matter of spinal cord (spinal nerves)
Axons - in spinal or cranial nerves
Axon terminal - synapses w muscle or gland cell

45
Q

Alpha motor neurons - input & output

A

Inputs excitatory from upper MN (glutamate)
Output - axon synapses on skeletal muscle cells

46
Q

Alpha motor neurons - inhibition and modulation

A

Inhibitory from Interneurons (GABA)
Modulators from extrapyramidal system

47
Q

Neurotransmitters released by alpha motor neurons

A

Releases acetylcholine, causes contraction

48
Q

location of corticospinal neurons

A

Composed of upper motor neurons
Cell bodies in motor cortex
Axons descending through white matter of brain

49
Q

Reactions of corticospinal neurons

A

Synapse Lower motor neuron in ventral grey matter of spinal cord
Neurotransmitter = glutamate
All axons cross to other side - cross over pyramid region of medulla (lateral corticospinal tract)

50
Q

lateral corticospinal tracts axon

A

Axon crosses midline in the ventral medulla
Axon descends in the lateral corticospinal tract

51
Q

Lateral corticospinal tracts neurons

A

Upper motor neuron - cell body in primary motor cortex
Synapses on lower motor neuron in ventral horn

Moving Exam 2 (26 decks)

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