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Moving Exam 2 > Anatomy - Body Wall II > Flashcards

Anatomy - Body Wall II Flashcards

1
Q

Arrangement of abdominal wall muscles

A

EAO - caudal ventrally
IAO - cranial ventrally
TA - Dorso ventrally - contain intercostal nerves (lumbar regions of ventral spinal nerves)

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2
Q

Abdominal muscles
Attachment
Action
Innervation

A

Attachment: linea alba & prepubic tendon
Action: compress viscera, bilateral- flex trunk ventrally, unilateral- rotate trunk laterally
Innervation: lateral branches of intercostal nerves
Last intercostal nn & 1-3L nn

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3
Q

Internal fascia is comprised of

A

Endothoracic fascia - lining thoracic cavity
Endo-abdominal fascia - lining ab cavity & extends into pelvic cavity
- transversalis fascia - over TA
- diaphragmatic fascia - over diaphragm
- psoas fascia - over psoas muscles

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4
Q

EAO

A

Attachment
Costal: 4-13 ribs, interdigitates w serratus vent thora
Lumbar: thoracolumbar fascia extending from the transvers processes of lumbar vertebrae
More extensively formed in cats than dogs

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5
Q

Heaves

A

COPD
Airway obstruction causes excessive work of EAO can lead to hypertrophy of EAO
Heaves line is prominent musculotendiunous junction between EAO and its apenurosis

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6
Q

Subiliac lymph node

A

Absent in D&C
Easily palpable on ox
Drains superficial body wall of caudal thorax & ab

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7
Q

IAO

A

Runs cranioventrally
Caudal border forms cranial boundary of deep inguinal ring
Less develops in horses than cows

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8
Q

TA

A

Dorsi ventrally
Lumbar transverse process
Medial aspect of ribs & costal cartilages
Inserts on linea alba

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9
Q

RA

A

Longitudinal craniocaudal
3-6 transverse tendinous intersections/inscriptions (not distinct in cats)
OG: ventral aspect of sternum, xiphoid process & costal arch
IN: pecten pubis via prepubic tendon
Action: draws pelvis cranially
Paired & fused along linea alba

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10
Q

Prepubic tendon rupture

A

Important in herbs
Palpable
Late pregnancy could lead to rupture
Could be torn in dogs hit by cars
Cats have no distinct PPT

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11
Q

External laminate of rectus sheath

A

Formed by aponeurosis (flat tendon) of EAO & portion of Apon of IAO
apon of TA joins lamina near pubis

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12
Q

Internal lamina of rectus sheath

A

Portion of Apon of IAO and TA + transversalis fascia
Internal disappears in caudal 3rd of abdomen where Apon of IAO joins ext lamina, leaving caudal RA covered by transversalis fascia & peritoneum

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13
Q

Ventral branches of spinal nerves supply

A

Flank muscles but skin is supplies by both dorsal and ventral branches

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14
Q

Disadvantages of dorsal approach to paravertebral block

A

Block all branches of spinal nerves including to Epaxial muscles = back muscle paralysis on one side, convex trunk to one side = viscera bulge out incision

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15
Q

Verifying T block or L block

A

1/3 upper flake unaffected = missed dorsal branches
Ventral 2/3 flank unaffected=missed ventral branches
Successful block will cause vasodilation and are blocked will become warm and red

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16
Q

Layers cut in a flank laparotomy

A

Skin
Cutaneous trunci
Tunica flava
EAO, IAO, TA
Transversalis fascia & parietal peritoneum

17
Q

Blood supply to ab wall

A

Craniodorsal - cranial abdominal artery
Cranioventral - cranial epigastric artery
Caudalventral - caudal epigastric artery
Caudodorsal - deep circumflex iliac artery

18
Q

Hypaxial muscles include

A

Longus colli
Longus capitits
Psoas minor
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Ilioposas

19
Q

Function of hypaxial vs epaxial

A

Hypaxial muscles - all are flexors to vertebral column
Epaxial - all are extensors of vertebral column

20
Q

Longus colli

A

Attachment : cervical & thoracic vert from t6-c1
Innervation ventral branches of cervical spinal nerve

21
Q

Longus capitis

A

Attachment: from cervical transverse process to skull basilar tubercles
Ventral to cervical vert transv processes
Lateral to cervical part of longus colli

Action
Innervation

22
Q

Lumbar hypaxial muscles

A

Psoas minor/major
Ilioposas
Quadratus lumborum
Attachment: thoracolumbar vert to pelvis & femur
Action: flex hip & lumbar vert column
Innervation: ventral branches of T, L, S spinal nerves

23
Q

General function of epaxial muscles

A

Extensors, bilateral contraction
Bend trunk laterally - unilateral contraction
Innervation by dorsal branches of C, T, L, S spinal nerves
Ideal for IM injection but abscess draining is difficult

24
Q

Iliocostalis system

A

From ilium to ribs
Thoracis & lumborum parts
Defined by flat shiny tendons

25
Q

Longissimus system

A

Intermediate group - longest & strongest. Runs between ilium & wing of atlas
Parts are defined by location
Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum,

26
Q

Transversospinalis system

A

Most medial - attaches to bodies of DSP of vert
Multifidus
(- rotators
- interspinales mm
- spinalis cervicis & thoracis )
Semispinalis capitis - deep to Splenius

27
Q

Splenius

A

Deep to cleidocephlicus, trap, Rhomboideus
Attaches- DSP of T1, Apon tendon on nuchal crest
Action : extends and raises head and neck
Unilateral contraction moves laterally
Innervation: cervical nerve

28
Q

Sternocephalicus

A

Attachment: between manubrium of sternum & skull
Action: flex neck, draw head & neck side to side
Innervation: ventral branch of accessory nerve & ventral branch of cervical spinal nerve
Will attach in different places on different species

29
Q

Cribbing

A

Vice of horses, due to ventral branch of accessory nerve which supplies Sternocephalicus
Can cut nerve to stop action

30
Q

Injection side on lateral neck area is formed by ____ in horses

A

Nuchal ligament
Cervical spine
Cranial margin of subclavius

31
Q

Muscles in area of IM injection site in horses

A

Scapula, funiculus Nuchal, atlas, traps, serratus ventralis cervicis, Splenius cervicis, subclavius

32
Q

Clinical sig of cervical deep fascia in horses

A

Envelopes ventral neck muscles, limits spread of abscesses
Is continuous caudally w endothoracici fascia - infections of neck may spread to thorax

33
Q

Clin sig of lower neck not being optimal for jugular vein puncture

A

Ext jug is too close to carotid sheath
Cutaneous colli is thick and covers ext jug

34
Q

What muscle covers the trachea

A

Sternohyoideus

35
Q

Which side offers protection to esophagus

A

Left

36
Q

Nerves of the neck

A

Accessory
Ventral branches of cervical spinal (C1-8)
Vagosympathetic trunk
Roots of phrenic (C5,6,7)

Moving Exam 2 (26 decks)

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