Pain and Touch

Question 1

A stimulus to the receptor produces a _____.

Answer 1

graded potential

Question 2

If the graded potential generated by a stimulus is large enough, the receptor generates an _____.

Answer 2

action potential

Question 3

Patterns of action potentials are _____ in a sensory system.

Answer 3

coded

Question 4

A single neuron can convey stimulus intensity by changing the _____ of its action potentials.

Answer 4

frequency

Question 5

Multiple neurons can act in _____ to strengthen the stimulus.

Answer 5

unison

as the stimulus strengthens, more neurons are recruited

Question 6

Different neurons respond to different ranges of _____.

Answer 6

intensity

Question 7

Range fractionation

Answer 7

different cells have different thresholds for firing, over a range of stimulus intensities

Question 8

The _____ system detects touch and pain.

Answer 8

somatosensory

Question 9

The four touch receptor classes are _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 9

pain, touch, vibration, stretch

Question 10

Free nerve endings reside in the _____ and respond to _____ and _____.

Answer 10

epidermis, pain, temperature

Question 11

Merkel’s discs reside in the _____ and respond to _____.

Answer 11

epidermis, touch

Question 12

Meissner’s corpuscles reside in the _____ and respond to _____.

Answer 12

dermis, touch

Question 13

Pancinian corpuscles reside in the _____ and respond to _____.

Answer 13

dermis, vibration

Question 14

Ruffini’s endings reside in the _____ and respond to _____.

Answer 14

dermis, stretch

Question 15

Temperature receptors use the _____ pathway.

Answer 15

pain

Question 16

Small _____ C fibers respond to _____ and _____.

Answer 16

unmyelinated, dull pain, low temperatures

Question 17

_____ A-delta fibers respond to _____ and _____.

Answer 17

Myelinated, sharp pain, high temperatures

Question 18

Capsaicin activates _____ via TRVP1 and is a _____.

Answer 18

C fibers, neurotoxin

Question 19

Pancinian corpuscles run through _____.

Answer 19

dorsal root ganglia

Question 20

A dorsal root ganglion is comprised of _____.

Answer 20

unipolar cells

Question 21

Tonic receptors _____ action potential frequency.

Answer 21

gradually decrease

Question 22

Phasic receptors _____ action potential frequency.

Answer 22

quickly decrease

Question 23

Receptive fields contain the property of _____.

Answer 23

a single neuron

Question 24

Receptive fields differ in _____ and _____.

Answer 24

size, shape

Question 25

Most sensory pathways pass through the _____ and end in the _____.

Answer 25

thalamus, cerebral cortex

Question 26

the somatosensory cortex _____ after amputation of a hand.

Answer 26

reorganizes

Question 27

substance P is a _____ essential to responding to _____.

Answer 27

neurotransmitter, pain

Question 28

Congenital insensitivity to pain is caused by inherited _____ in pain fibers in _____.

Answer 28

mutated sodium channels, dorsal root ganglia

Question 29

Man on fire syndrome is cause by congenital _____ to pain.

Answer 29

hypersenstivity

Question 30

The spinothalamic system transmits _____ and _____.

Answer 30

pain, temperature

Question 31

Periaqueductal gray in the _____ is involved in _____.

Answer 31

midbrain, pain perception

Question 32

C fiber gates can be closed by increased activity in _____.

Answer 32

A fibers

Question 33

_____ delivers electrical pulses to the skin.

Answer 33

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Question 34

Neurogenic pain

Answer 34

pain resulting from damage to nerves

Question 35

Psychogenic pain

Answer 35

pain not due to disease, injury or any visible damage

Question 36

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy results in _____, _____ (stage 1), _____, _____, and _____ (stage 2)

Answer 36

``` increased sensitivity of skin to touch (stage 1) localized swelling Swelling tends to spread (stage 2) Hair and nails become brittle Muscle wasting begins ```

Question 37

Neurogenic pain is due to _____ of pain by neurons

Answer 37

inappropriate signaling

Question 38

Postsynaptic spinal cord neurons take up _____, released during _____, and remodel their _____.

Answer 38

substance P, pain, dendrites

Question 39

_____ of sympathetic input leads to dorsal horn neurons becoming _____: Increased spontaneous activity and response to all touch.

Answer 39

Overactivity, hyperexcitable

Question 40

Patients with chronic pain have overactive _____ at rest.

Answer 40

somatosensory cortex

Question 41

Sensory Integration Disorder results in stimulus _____ and _____.

Answer 41

avoiders, seekers

Question 42

Synesthesia

Answer 42

a stimulus in one modality creates a sensation in another | this food tastes blue

Question 43

Synesthesia results from _____, _____, or _____.

Answer 43

LSD posterior temporal lobe seizure result of blindness or deafness

Question 44

Pain is ultimately processed in the _____.

Answer 44

singulate gyrus

Question 45

The somatosensory cortex composed of half _____ and half _____ receptors.

Answer 45

Tonic, Phasic

Question 46

_____ is the ability to sense orientation, location, and position of body parts.

Answer 46

Proprioception