Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Neuroscience > Emotions, Stress and Aggression > Flashcards

Emotions, Stress and Aggression Flashcards

1
Q

Emotion

A

an increase or decrease in physiological activity accompanied by feelings characteristic of the emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

paralysis of the facial nerve, causing muscular weakness in one side of the face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Moebius syndrome

A

facial paralysis, inability to move eyes side to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Posed expressions

A

can produce the intended emotion, and the associated physiological arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reaction when making a sad face presented with stimulus

A

A stimulus is more painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When do children show most emotions?

A

by two years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

REM sleep and newborns

A

During REM sleep, newborn infants who are too young even to smile at their mothers make facial expressions that correspond to happiness, fear, disgust, and surprise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brain areas involved in emotion

A

Orbitofrontal cortex
Limbic system
Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brainstem

A 
(maybe the power)
locus coeruleus
• norepinephrine
– emotional arousal
– depression/pleasure
– stress
VTA, substantia nigra
• dopamine
• pleasure, exhilaration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex

A

(maybe the controller)

Inhibits raw emotion from amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Limbic system

A 
(the integrator)
   hypothalamus
• ANS reactions
amygdala
• aggression & fear 
• emotional memory
hippocampus
• memory
cingulate gyrus
• pain processing
• empathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medial forebrain bundle

A

tract rises from the midbrain through the hypothalamus – contains many sites for self-stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amygdala

A

Participates in memory formation, especially emotional ones
People with amygdala damage are unusually trusting
Anxiety-reducing drugs act on receptors in the amygdala
(in the temporal lobe, is a key structure in fear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Klüver–Bucy syndrome

A

removal of temporal lobes in monkeys has a taming effect; they are socially clueless
A syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Laughter (area of activation)

A

activates the orbitofrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disgust and Guilt (area of activation)

A

activates the insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anterior cingulate cortex

A

combines emotional, attentional, and body information in a conscious emotional experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Panic disorder

A

Temporal lobe abnormalities
Small lesions in white matter and dilation of the lateral ventricles - in 40% of patients with panic disorder
Temporal lobes are smaller in these patients
show…
increased activity of the parahippocampal gyrus
decreased activity of the anterior temporal cortex and amygdala, especially on right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Septal stimulation

A

produces pleasure, accompanied by sexual fantasies and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Left side of the face

A

controlled by right hemisphere, is more expressive than the right face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Right hemisphere

A

identifies emotional tone

Patients with right-hemisphere damage from stroke are more likely to be unbothered or euphoric, even if their arm or leg is paralyzed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Left hemisphere

A

interprets meaning of the message

People with damage to the left hemisphere express more anxiety and sadness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Prefrontal (orbitofrontal) Cortex

A

the final destination for much of the brain’s information about emotion before action is taken
Judges behavior and its consequences
People with damage here understand moral and social rules but can’t apply the rules in their own lives
People who sustain damage early in life never learn these rules and are motivated only to avoid punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abnormalities in PFC

A

associated with aggression, depression, and schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Left frontal activation

emotion

A

Behavioral approach. Emotions regulated by this area are anger, joy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Right frontal activation

A

Behavioral withdrawal. Emotions regulated are fear, sadness

27
Q

Right frontal lobe is more active during

A

negative emotion

28
Q

Left frontal lobe is more active during

A

positive emotion

29
Q

In aggressive teens, areas of brain linked with feeling reward

A

amygdala and striatum

become active when they observe pain inflicted on others

30
Q

Stress

A

a demanding condition in the environment and it is the individuals’ internal response to that situation

31
Q

Stress response activates…

A

the sympathetic nervous system, largely under hypothalamic control

32
Q

Stress results in…

A

increases in heart rate, blood flow, and respiration rate help the person deal with the situation

33
Q

Adrenal cortex secretes…

A

steroid hormones

34
Q

Adrenal medulla releases…

A

epinephrine

norepinephrine

35
Q

Cortisol

A

a stress hormone that increases blood glucose and breaks down protein

can damage areas of the brain (extreme cases)

36
Q

Autonomic Activation during a Stress Situation

A

Strength, courage, confidence are gained each time a fear is faced (skydiving)

37
Q

Hormonal Changes in Response to Social Stress

A

Norepinephrine

epinephrine

38
Q

Acute Stress

A

Hypothalamus activates the pituitary

Immune system is boosted

Stress hormones stimulate astrocytes to release fibroblast growth factor 2, which in turn leads to new neurons

39
Q

Acute stress causes hypothalamus to activate the pituitary, which stimulates adrenals to release…

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase output from the heart and liberate glucose

cortisol, which provides sustained release of energy to cope

40
Q

Chronic stress

A

interferes with memory, appetite, sexual desire and performance;
depletes energy and disrupts mood;
compromises the immune system

Six years after Three Mile Island nuclear accident, residents showed impaired concentration and immune response

41
Q

Hormones released during chronic stress do what to the immune system?

A

Suppress the immune system

42
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

A

PTSD develops in response to a stressful event of exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature: assault, car wrecks, rape

43
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A 
re-experiencing (e.g., flashbacks, nightmares)
avoiding people or situations associated with event
hyperarousal symptoms (panic)
44
Q

Treatment of PTSD

A

behavioral desensitization

propranolol

45
Q

natural course of PTSD

A

Usual onset of symptoms a few days after the event
Many recover without treatment within months/years of event
Treatment means that about 20% more people with PTSD recover
Generally 33% remain symptomatic for 3 years or longer with greater risk of secondary problems

46
Q

Frontal cortex and hippocampal volume associated with PTSD

A

reduced in combat veterans with PTSD and in victims of childhood abuse

47
Q

NE levels are _____ in introverts

A

higher

NE blocks immune system

48
Q

Aggression

A

behavior that is intended to harm

49
Q

Reactive aggression

A

is impulsive, provoked, and emotional

50
Q

Proactive aggression

A

is premeditated, unprovoked, emotionless

51
Q

Tumors in _____, _____, or _____ can cause aggression

A

amygdala, hypothalamus or septal area

52
Q

Seizure activity in the _____ increases aggression

A

amygdala

53
Q

Murderers have higher activity of the _____ and _____

A

amygdala and hypothalamus

54
Q

Removing the amygdala reduced aggression in __-__% of patients

A

33-100%

55
Q

Murderers (reactive aggressors) have lower activity in the ____

A

prefrontal cortex

56
Q

Less gray matter in the prefrontal cortex is associated with _____

A

antisocial personality disorder

57
Q

Proactive aggression is associated with _____

A

psychopathy

58
Q

Proactive agressors have

A

less autonomic response to stress

impaired amygdala function

59
Q

50% of aggression is attributed to _____

A

genetics

60
Q

_____ during childhood increases risk of adult aggression

A

Neglect/deprivation

61
Q

Dyscontrol syndrome

A

caused by temporal lobe disorders, underlie some violence (road rage)

62
Q

Sociopaths are incapable of _____

A

remorse

charles manson, ted bundy

63
Q

Long term stress may damage the _____.

A

hippocampus

Behavioral Neuroscience (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions