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Fundamentals > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 5th vital sign?

A

Pain

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2
Q

What are nocieptors?

A

Free nerve endings. Sensitive to thermal, mechanical, chemical stimuli.

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3
Q

What are the 4 physiologic Process that conduct pain from the tissue injury to peripheral and central nervous system?

A

Transduction
Transmission
Modulation
Perception

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4
Q

Define neurotransmitters.

A

Inflammatory substance released into the extra cellular space result of tissue damage.

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5
Q

Nociception:

A

Sensation of tissue injury is conducted from peripheral to central nervous system.

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6
Q

What is Transduction?

A

The body converts energy from pain stimuli into electrical energy through nociceptors at the place of tissue injury.This initiates the release of neurotransmitters.

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7
Q

What is Transmission?

A

ACTION POTENTIAL or electrical signal transmitted to spinal cord or brain

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8
Q

A-Delta Fibers:

A

Large diameter

Myelinated fibers with rapid conduction of signals that are translated as sharp, acute pain.

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9
Q

C-Fibers:

A

Smaller, unmyelinated fibers with slow conduction of signals that are translated as diffuse, dull, and longer lasting.

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10
Q

Define perception:

A

Recognizing pain when the brain translates electric signals as pain.

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11
Q

Define modulation:

A

Changed perception by activating natural neurotransmitters called endogenous opioids.

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12
Q

What is pain threshold?

A

Lowest intensity when the brain recognizes pain.

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13
Q

Define pain tolerance:

A

Intensity or duration of pain that a patient can endure.

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14
Q

What is pattern theory?

A

When an injury occurs a signal is carried along large diameter nerve fibers that may inhibit a signal carried by thin fibers. (A pattern has to occur before pain exists)

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15
Q

What is Gate Control Theory?

A

Pain impulses are stopped at the spinal cord gate. There is no transmission to the brain. No perception of pain.

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16
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Rapid onset
Short duration
Subsides when injury is healed.

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17
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

Persistent pain
Long duration- 6months
May be episodic or continuous
May lead to disability

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18
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

Episodic or continuous pain that resulted from nerve injury

Persistent without painful stimuli

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19
Q

Nociceptive pain:

A

Physiologic pain results from nociceiptor stimulation in response to and injury or tissue damage.

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20
Q

What is visceral pain?

A

Pain from organs

21
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Pain in an area other than the are causing pain.

22
Q

Radiating pain:

A

Pain that extends to other areas.

23
Q

Somatic pain:

A

Bone, skin, joint, and muscle pain

24
Q

Phantom pain:

A

Brain continues to receive messages from the area of amputation.

25
Q

Psychogenic pain:

A

Perceived pain without physical cause.

26
Q

How do you asses pain?

A 
SOCRATES 
Site
Onset
Characteristics 
Radiation
Associations
Time course
Exacerbating/relieving factors 
Severity
27
Q

1-3 on the pain scale?

A

Mild pain

28
Q

4-7 on the pain scale?

A

Moderate pain

29
Q

8-10 on the pain scale?

A

Severe pain

30
Q

What is PCA?

A

A medication pump that administers analgesia without a need of a nurse.

31
Q

What are the 2 therapeutic strategies used to manage pain:

A

Multimodal

Preemptive

32
Q

What types of drugs are used to treat mild or moderate pain:

A

Nonopioid analgesics

Nonsterodial anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

33
Q

Types of drugs used to treat moderate to severe pain?

A

Opioid analgesics

34
Q

What is a On-Q infusion pump?

A

Continuous infusion of local anesthesia through an antimicrobial catheter.

35
Q

What is transdermal administrations?

A

Medicated adhesive patch. Allows absorption into the bloodstream.

36
Q

Intrathecal in injection or infusion:

A

Narcotic of local anesthetic into subarachnoid space through a needle or catheter provides pain relief to a large area of the body.

37
Q

Epidural analgesia:

A

Continuous infusion of a narcotic or local anesthetic into the epidural space by insertion or needle or catheter.

38
Q

Nerve block:

A

Injection or local anesthetic into or near spinal nerves for temporary pain control.

39
Q

Drug tolerance:

A

Adaptation to medication leads to ineffective pain management.

40
Q

Coanalgesic meds:

A

(Adjutant meds) work synergistically with standard pain meds to enhance pain relief and treat side effect?

41
Q

What is palliative care?

A

Improves quality of life for patients and families who face a life threatening illness.
Provide pain and symptom relief
Spiritual and psychological support
From beginning of diagnosis to the end of life.

42
Q

What is the time interval for nonpharmacologic techniques?

A

30-60 minutes after intervention

43
Q

What is the time interval for IM,SC, or PO administrations?

A

30-60 minutes after intervention.

44
Q

What is the time interval of transdermal administration?

A

12-16 hours after intervention

45
Q

What is the time interval for IV or sublingual administration:

A

15-30 minutes after intervention

46
Q

Multimodal analgesia:

A

Multiple means for controlling pain.

47
Q

Preemptive analgesia:

A

Medication administered before pain. (surgery)

48
Q

Opioid analgesia:

A

Most effective agent for pain relief. (Highly addictive)

Fundamentals (12 decks)

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