Ethnicity, Cultural, Spiritual Health- Public/Community Health Flashcards
Culture:
refers to the learned, shaped, and transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs, and ways of life of a particular group; that are generally transmitted from one generation to another.
Ethnicity:
person’s identification with or membership in a particular racial, national, or cultural group and observation of the group’s customs, beliefs, and language.
Culture is learned not:
inherited (also is symbolic, shared, and integrated)
Enculturation
process whereby a culture is passed from generation to generation
Generalization
statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application. Generalizations are a beginning point; one should gather more information.
Language:
most important symbolic aspect of culture
Stereotype (see)
set of fixed ideas, often unfavorable about members of a group (ignores individuality of people)
Prejudice
process of devaluing an entire group because of assumed behavior, values, or attributes (“labeling”)
Prejudice applies group stereotypes to individuals and assumes that:
all people within a group will act in a predetermined manner.
Discrimination:
policies and practices that harm a group
Race:
socially constricted concept that tends to group people by common descent, heredity, or physical characteristics
Racism:
unfounded belief that race determines a person character or ability and that one race is superior or inferior to another.
(scientific evidence indicates that no one race is culturally or psychologically superior to another.
Acculturation:
culture of 1 or both groups may be changed, however each group is distinct.
Assimilation:
individuals from one cultural group into another “melting pot”
Schools are places where:
a society’s cultural values, traditions and official heritage are taught.
Family is:
basic unit of society
Cultures oriented to the present are less likely to:
embrace preventive health care.
Spirituality
expression of meaning and purpose in life; central dimension of health, affecting its physical, psychological, and social.
Spirit:
dimension of the human self that thinks contemplates and explores the meaning and purpose in life.
Transcendence:
process of moving beyond who one is in the moment and toward the person one will become in the future.
Faith:
belief beyond self that is based on trust and life experience rather than scientific data.
Ability to have faith allows people to:
demonstrate hope
Hope:
confident expectation of a positive outcome in the face of challenging circumstances
Both faith and hope are related to how people:
practice spirituality
Most religions celebrate life events:
birth, marriage, death
Atheist:
believes that God or higher powers do not exist
Agnostic:
believes that nature or existence of God is unknowable.
If a pt request prayers and the nurse is uncomfortable participating in this practice, it is best to
allow pt to lead the prayer.
Health:
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological (bottom) Safety Love/Belonging Self Esteem Self Actualization
Health Belief Model:
explores how patient’s attitudes and beliefs predict health behavior
Self Efficacy:
belief in one’s ability to perform a task
Preventive Action:
lifestyle change and info gathering about a health topic that leads to a change in behavior
Perceived Susceptibility:
beliefs about the chances of getting a condition or disease
Perceived Severity:
beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequences
Perceived Benefits:
beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk of seriousness
Perceived Barries
beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action
Cues to action:
factors that activate readiness to change
Self Efficacy:
confidence in one’s ability to take action
Health Promotion:
behavior motivated by the desire to increase well being and optimize health status
Aroma therapy cannot be used with pts who:
have breathing difficulties
Primary Prevention:
utilized before disease becomes established by removing the causes of increasing resistance
goal: to modify risks factors to avoid the onset of disease and prevent pathological processes from occurring
example: environment safety, supplements, fitness classes, seat belts, immunizations
Secondary Prevention:
undertaken in cases of latent disease
goal: early detection and diagnosis of health problems before pts exhibit symptoms of disease
examples: hypertension screening, mammogram, vision screening, testicular screening
Tertiary Prevention:
aka treatment rehab stage of preventive care, is implemented when a condition/illness is permanent and irreversible
goal: reduce the impact and number of complications and disabilities resulting from a disease of medical condition.
examples: teaching life style changes, stress relief therapy, diet alterations
Precontemptation
unaware of the problem
Contemptation
aware of problem and desire to change
Preparation
intends to take action
Action:
practices desired behavior
Maintenace
wants to sustain the changed behavior
Public health nursing examines:
the community as a whole
Social determinants can cause a population to be:
healthy or vulnerable to disease or disability
Social determinants are affected by:
distribution of wealth and power
resources
organizational policies
government polices
Home health care nursing:
promotes, maintains, or restores health at an optimal level of functioning also reduces effects of disability and illness
Things to remember in home health:
you are a guest
must establish relationships
interact effectively
promote communication
