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Fundamentals > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygenation:

A

part of Maslow’s

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2
Q

Adequate oxygenation of tissue is dependent upon intact:

A

cardiovascular and respiratory systems working together to oxygenate tissues

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3
Q

The right lung:

A

3 lobes

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4
Q

The left lung:

A

2 lobes (room for the heart)

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5
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract:

A

warms and filters air

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6
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract:

A

conducts the air, production of pulmonary sulfactant, and mucus cilliary clearance

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7
Q

Inspiration:

A

air movement into the lungs

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8
Q

Expiration:

A

air movement out of the lungs

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9
Q

Diaphragm:

A

primary muscle for inspirtation

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10
Q

Ventilation:

A

movement of air in and out of the lungs

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11
Q

Diffusion:

A

movement of gases between air spaces and the bloodstream

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12
Q

Transportation:

A

movement of blood into and out of the lungs to the organs and tissues of the body

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13
Q

Perfusion:

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide for cellular metabolism

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14
Q

If the heart beats to fast or to slow:

A

the ability to pump oxygen to cells can be interrupted

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15
Q

Cellular Respiration:

A

produces ATP

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16
Q

Interruption of blood flow to the myocardium can be caused by:

A

narrowing of the arteries in the form of atherosclerosis, spasms, or congenital malformation of the arteries

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17
Q

Oxygen is carried by:

A

hemoglobin

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18
Q

Blood Clot Formation:

A

may result in a total lack of blow flow to a portion of the myocardium and result in a myocardial infarcation

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19
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: (COPD)

A

general term used for a group of disorders characterized by impaired airflow in the lungs (which includes asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis)

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20
Q

Pulse Oximetry:

A

measures oxygen saturation in arterial blood

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21
Q

Pulse Oximetry normal and abnormal ranges:

A

normal- 95-100% at least 90

abnormal- below 85%

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22
Q

Physical Assessment (Inspection):

A 
shape/symmetry
trachea
pallor
fingernail clubbing
respiration rate
sputum 
distress
edemao
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23
Q

Tactile Fremitus:

A

palpable vibration transmitted through the chest wall that occurs with the movement of the vocal cords during speech (patient says 99)

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24
Q

COPD patients will have:

A

decreased tactile fremitus

25
Q

Percussion Sounds:

A 
lungs------->resonant
emphysematus lungs------->hyper-resonant 
bone------>flat
organs------>dull
stomach------->tympanic
26
Q

Adventitious:

A

abnormal

27
Q

This part of the stethoscope will give the most information:

A

the bell

28
Q

Emphysema:

A

retention problem——>air that can’t get out

29
Q

Chronic Bronchitis:

A

obstructive problem——>cillia are damaged, so the mucus can’t be cleared out

30
Q

When the body does not get enough oxygen:

A

it makes more RBC’s in order to transport oxygen. (levels can get so high the patient needs to be drained)

31
Q

Cyanosis:

A

bluish discoloration of the skin related to deoxygenation of hemoglobin, a decreasing oxygen saturation level, and a feeling of distress

32
Q

Asthma:

A

bronchoconstriction——->can’t get air out like emphysema

33
Q

Pneumonia:

A

infection in the lungs——>monitor gas exchange and maintain a patent airway

34
Q

Atelectasis:

A

collapse of lung tissue in the distal part of the lung—–> encourage adequate ventilation with deep breathing exercises to prevent atelectasis.

35
Q

Focused cardiopulmonary assessment:

A

performed on any patient with symptoms of decreased oxygenation, SOB activity intolerance, or history of cardiac or respiratory problems

36
Q

Bronchial Sounds: (normal)

A

heard over the main bronchi, inspiration is less than expiration

37
Q

Bronchovesicular Sounds: (normal)

A

heard posterior between the scapulae; anterior around the upper sternum in the first two intercostal spaces, inspiration=expiration

38
Q

Vesicular Sounds: (normal)

A

heard over most of the lung fields, inspiration is greater than expiration

39
Q

Rhonchi Sounds:

A

heard over large airways——>caused by spasms or more commonly mucus secretions. example- straw

40
Q

Crackles (Rales) Sounds:

A

heard over lung fields—–> cause is increase in interstitial lung water or deflated alveoli popping open, high-pitched, discontinuous, static-like. example- bubble wrap

41
Q

Wheezes:

A

heard over lung fields and airways—–> cause by narrow airways. example balloon

42
Q

Pleural Friction Rub:

A

dry, grating——>caused by inflammation. example- sand paper

43
Q

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC):

A

volume of air that the patient can forcefully expire after the maximum amount of air is breathed in

44
Q

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV):

A

measures the volume of air expired in 1 second from the beginning of the FVC

45
Q

Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF):

A

measures the maximal flow rate that is attained during the middle of the FVC maneuver

46
Q

Residual Volume

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration (can’t get it out)

47
Q

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):

A

the volume of air that remains in the patient’s lung after normal expiration

48
Q

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR):

A

uses a peak flow meter to estimate the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled

49
Q

Pleural Effusion:

A

excess fluid in the pleural cavity

50
Q

Pericardial Effusion:

A

fluid around the heart

51
Q

Electrocardiogram:

A

measurement of the electrical activity of the heart

52
Q

Arrhythmias

A

abnormal rhythms of the heart

53
Q

Echocardiogram:

A

heart ultrasound

54
Q

Cardiac Catheterization:

A

when coronary arteries need to be visualized using contrast media. used to evaluate chest pain, locate the region of coronary artery occlusion and determine the effect of valvular heart disease

55
Q

Thoracentesis:

A

procedure of entering the pleural cavity and aspirating fluid: is performed at the bedside

56
Q

Dyspnea Management:

A

physical techniques: raise head of bed
oxygen therapy: appropriate
meds: bronchodilators
psychosocial techniques

57
Q

Hypoxia:

A

inadequate blood oxygen levels in the tissues

58
Q

Hypoxemia:

A

low oxygen levels in the blood

59
Q

Does oxygen require an order?

A

yes

Fundamentals (12 decks)

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