Critical Thinking Flashcards
Define the Nursing Process?
Systematic method of critical thinking used to develop individualized plans of care. It is the framework within which nurses provide care to patients in and organized and effective manner.
What are the Characteristics of the Nursing Process?
Analytical, Dynamic, Organized, Adaptable, Collaborative, Outcome Oriented
What are the Steps of the Nursing Process?
ADPIE ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION
What does the assessment process involve in the Nursing Process?
Gathering data through observation, interview, and physical assessment.
What does the diagnosis process involve in the Nursing Process?
Analyze, validate, and cluster patient data to identify patient problems.
What does the planning process involve in the Nursing Process?
Prioritize Nursing diagnosis and identify short/long term goals.
What does the implementation phase involve in the Nursing Process?
Initiate specific Nursing interventions and treatments designed to help patients achieve established goals.
What does the evaluation phase involve in the Nursing Process?
Determine whether the patients goals are met, examine the effectiveness of interventions, and decide whether the plan of care should be discontinued, continued, or revised.
Primary data comes from?
The patient
Secondary data comes from?
Family, friends, other professionals, or charts.
Subject data comes from? (Can or cannot be measured)
Symptoms, health history. Cannot be measured.
Objective data comes from? (Can or cannot be tested?)
Signs, examination, lab results, test results. Can be measured.
What are the three types of Nursing diagnosis?
Actual
Risk
Health Promotion
What do actual Nursing Diagnosis contain?
The problem
The etiology
Signs and symptoms
Risk Nursing Diagnosis contain?
Problem
Risk Factors
Health Promotion Nursing Diagnosis contains?
Nursing diagnostic label
Defining characteristics
What are the Characteristics for short/long term goals?
Patient focused, realistic, measurable
Independent interventions do or do not require an order?
Do not require an order
Dependent interventions do or do not require an order?
Do require an order
What are collaborative interventions?
Involve working together with other professionals.
What are protocols?
Written plans that can be generalized to groups of patients with the same or similar clinical needs that DO NOT require an order.
What are standing orders?
Written by physicians and list specific actions to be taken by the nurse or other health care provider when access to physician is not possible or when care is common to a certain type of situation.
Patient interview:
Formal, structured discussion in which the nurse questions the patient to obtain demographic info, and data about current health concerns, and medical history.
What are the phases of a patient interview?
Orientation
Working
Termination
What type of questions are used during the orientation phase of a patient interview?
Closed ended questions
Closed ended or open ended questions can be used during what phase of a patient interview?
Working
What does the working phase include?
Health history
Review of systems
What are the stages of physical assessment in order?
Inspection- use of vision, hearing, and smell.
Auscultation- listening with a stethoscope.
Palpitation- use of touch.
Percussion- tapping of the patient’s skin.
List Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
Physiological (basic survival needs) Safety and security Love and belonging Self esteem Self actualization
Define critical thinking.
Involves the application or knowledge and experience to identity patient problems and to direct clinical judgements and actions that result in positive patient outcomes.
Define clinical reasoning.
Using critical thinking knowledge and experiencing to develop solutions to problems and make decisions in a clinical setting.
Process that depends on critical thinking?
Problem solving
Decision making
Judgement
Reasoning
What is inductive reasoning?
(Specific to general)
Uses specific facts to details to make conclusions and generalizations.
What is deductive reasoning?
(General to specific)
Involves generating facts or details from a major theory, generalization, or premise.
Define Nursing Diagnosis.
Identifies an actual or potential problem or response to a problem.
Define inferences.
Intellectual acts that involve a conclusion being made on the basis of something else.
What is intuition?
Feeling that you know something without specific evidence.
Define validation.
Process of gathering information to determine whether the information or data collected is true.
Define Illogical Thinking.
Failure to follow rational, systemic processes when approaching an issue or problem
What is problem solving?
Finding a solution to a problem
What is decision making?
Choosing a solution or answer from different options.
What is reasoning?
Logical thinking that links together the thoughts, ideas, and facts in a meaningful way.
What is judgement?
Result or decision rather than the process of thinking and reasoning
What is observable identification? Resource?
Listing behaviors or observable items that indicate attainment of a goal. NOC
Direct care?
Involves contact
Indirect care?
Doesn’t involve contact
Observation during assessment:
Gain info about a patient’s emotional and health status
Comprehensive assessment:
Thorough interview, health history, review of systems, head to toe assessment.
Focused assessment:
Examination when only specific areas are examined.
Emergency assessment:
Physical examination when time is a factor. Must begin treatment immediately
Triage:
Form of emergency assessment that ranks patients in treatment priority.
What is Nursing Diagnosis?
Actual or potential health problems, responses to a problem.
Actual Nursing diagnosis:
Existing problems or concerns of a patient
Risk Nursing diagnosis:
Increased potential for patient to develop a problem
Health Promotion diagnosis:
Patients express interest in improving health status
What is clustering?
Organizing patient assessment data into groupings with similarities.
Related factors:
Cause or etiology of a patients problem
Risk factors:
Environmental, physical, psychological, or situational, concepts that increases a patient’s potential for a problem
Defining characteristics:
Clusters of related assessment data that are signs and symptoms or indications of an actual or health promotion diagnosis
Maslow’s:
Physiological Safety/security Love/belonging Self esteem Self actualization
Implementation:
Performing a task and documentation of each intervention.
