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Fundamentals > Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Define infection.

A

Establishment of a pathogen in a susceptible host.

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2
Q

Define asepsis.

A

Freedom from. and prevention of disease causing contamination.

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3
Q

What is surgical asepsis? (Also known as sterile technique)

A

Procedures that eliminate all microorganism from an area.

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4
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

Normal flora

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5
Q

What does normal flora do?

A

They are non disease microorganisms that live in or on the body.

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6
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

Inflammation

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7
Q

How does inflammation work?

A

Local response to cellular injury or infection which includes capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration.

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8
Q

What does inflammation produce?

A

Redness, heat, pain, swelling

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9
Q

What is the third line of defense?

A

Immune response.

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10
Q

What is immune response?

A

Body’s attempt to protect itself from foreign and harmful substances initiated from antigens.

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11
Q

What is a antigen?

A

Any substance that provokes an adaptive immune response.

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12
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Immunoglobulin molecules that recognize foreign invaders.

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13
Q

What is innate (nonspecific) immunity?

A

Skin, cough reflex, mucus enzymes on the the skin, in tears, and acid in the GI tract prohibit harmful substances from entering the body.

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14
Q

What is adaptive (acquired/specific) immunity?

A

Occurs when exposed to an antigen

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15
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

WBC (B lymphocytes) produce antibodies in response to antigens or pathogens.

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16
Q

What involves “T” cells

A

Cellular immunity

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17
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Immunity received from another person

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18
Q

What is active natural immunity?

A

Body is infected by the pathogen disease——–>immune system makes antibodies

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19
Q

What is passive natural immunity?

A

Receiving antibodies not from your own immune system.

20
Q

Active artificial immunity comes from?

A

Vaccinations

21
Q

What is passive artificial immunity?

A

Receiving antibodies not from your own immune system, but your immune system doesn’t have to respond.

22
Q

Describe the integumentary role:

A

Skin—->Barrier

Squamous epithelial cells—-> Remove infectious agents

23
Q

Respiratory:

A

Cilia
Mucus
Proteins

24
Q

GI:

A

Flora

Low ph

25
Q

What is the chains of infections in order?

A 
Infectious agents
Reservoirs 
Portal of exit 
Modes of transmission
Portal of entry 
Susceptible host
26
Q

Define pathogens.

A

Infectious agents that cause disease

27
Q

Describe bacteria:

A 
Single celled 
Classified +1 oxygen 
Vary in shape, size, growth, pattern, and replication
Name by shape
Staining qualities
28
Q

Describe viruses:

A

Smallest
Reproduce inside living host cell
Not killed by antibodies

29
Q

Describe fungi:

A

Single-celled (mold, yeast)

30
Q

Describe parasites:

A

Live on or in other organisms.

31
Q

What does portal of exit mean?

A

Means by which the pathogens escape from the reservoir of infection.

32
Q

What are the different Models of Transmission?

A

Contact
Airborne
Droplet
Vector borne

33
Q

What is portal of entry mean?

A

Microorganism enters the susceptible host

34
Q

What increases susceptibility?

A

Age
Chronic disease
Immune or nutritionally compromised recent trauma or surgery.

35
Q

What are heal care associated infections (HAI’s) aka nosocomial infections?

A

Infections that patients receive which receiving treatment in a health care facility.

36
Q

What is the most effective method for preventing HAI’s?

A

Hand washing

37
Q

Define drug resistance?

A

Microorganisms that developed resistance to medications that had previously been successfully at treating the infection.

38
Q

What factors contribute to resistance?

A

Prescribing antibiotics for nonbacterial infections.

39
Q

Localized infections are characterized by?

A 
Redness 
Swelling
Warmth
Pain
Tenderness
Numbness
Loss of function
40
Q

Systemic infections are characterized by?

A 
(Infiltrate the bloodstream)
Fever
Increase heart rate 
Increase respiratory rate 
Lethargy
Anorexia
Lymph node tenderness or enlargement
41
Q

How long do acute infections last? Examples?

A

10-14 days

Cough, colds, and ear infections

42
Q

How long do chronic infections last?

A

Months to years

43
Q

What does erythrocyte sedimentation rate measure?

A

Degree of inflammation

44
Q

Define disinfection.

A

Removes pathogenic microorganisms, it typically destroys all pathogenic microorganisms expect spores.

45
Q

Define sterilization:

A

Used to destroy all microorganisms includes their spores.

Fundamentals (12 decks)

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