Pain

Question 1

Acute Pain

Answer 1

a physiological mechanism that protects an individual from harmful stimulus (short duration, limited damage)

Question 2

Nociceptor

Answer 2

sensory, peripheral pain nerve fiber

Question 3

Prostoglandins

Answer 3

a pain-sensitizing substance that surrounds pain fibers in extracellular fluid, spreading pain message & causing inflammatory response

Question 4

Endorphins

Answer 4

inhibitory neurotransmitters that decrease neuron activity without directly transferring a nerve signal through a synapse

Question 5

Chronic Pain

Answer 5

“persistent non-cancer pain” not protective, prolonged pain varied in intensity & usually lasting longer (> 6 months), doesn’t always have identifiable cause, leads to great personal suffering

Question 6

Cancer Pain

Answer 6

caused by tumor progression & related to pathological response processes, invasive procedures, treatment, toxicity, infection & physical limitations

Question 7

Referred Pain

Answer 7

pain occuring distant to the actual pain site

Question 8

Patient-Controlled Analgesic

Answer 8

drug delivery system that allows patients to self-administer analgesic meds when they want

Question 9

Cutaneous Stimulation

Answer 9

stimulation of patient skin to prevent or reduce pain perception

Question 10

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Answer 10

technique in which a battery powered device blocks pain impulses from reaching the spinal cord by delivering weak electrical impulses to the skin surface

Question 11

Relaxation

Answer 11

mental & physical freedom from tension & stress that provides individuals with a sense of self-control

Question 12

Guided Imagery

Answer 12

method of pain control in which the patient creates a mental image, concentrates on that image & gradually becomes less aware of pain

Question 13

Analgesics

Answer 13

drugs that relieve pain

Question 14

Opioids

Answer 14

drug derived from the opium poppy or produced synthetically that alters perception of pain & with repeated use, may cause physical/psychological dependence

Question 15

Local Anesthesia

Answer 15

medication that causes loss of sensation to a localized body part

Question 16

Epidural Infusion

Answer 16

regional anesthesia administered into the epidural space int he spinal cord to block a group of sensory nerve fibers (through a catheter)

Question 17

Somatic Pain

Answer 17

pain that originates from skin, muscle, bone, or tissue

Question 18

Visceral Pain

Answer 18

pain that originates from viscera or hollow organs

Question 19

Neuropathic Pain

Answer 19

pain that originates from nerve damage

Question 20

Phantom Pain

Answer 20

pain that is perceived from a missing limb

Question 21

Pain Threshold

Answer 21

the least amount of stimulation that a person requires to perceive pain

Question 22

Pain Tolerance

Answer 22

maximum amount & duration of pain that person is willing to endure

Question 23

Hyperalgesia

Answer 23

heightened, severe response to pain

Question 24

Placebo

Answer 24

inactive substance or treatment given instead of one that has a proven effect

Question 25

Pseudoaddiction

Answer 25

drug-seeking behavior that simulates true addiction in patients with pain who are receiving inadequate pain medication

Question 26

Properties of Pain

Answer 26

subjective highly individualized protective difficult to assess cannot see has limits can delay healing not equal to amount of damage can have without trauma

Question 27

Four Phases of Physiological Process of Pain

Answer 27

Transduction Transmission Perception Modulation

Question 28

Transduction

Answer 28

process converting energy produced by pain stimuli into electrical energy

Question 29

Transmission

Answer 29

process in which cellular damage from injury results in the release of excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 30

Perception

Answer 30

process in which the brain & CNS extracts information about pain such as location, duration & quality

Question 31

Modulation

Answer 31

process in which the brain releases inhibitory neurotransmitters to hinder the transmission of pain & help produce an analgesic effect

Question 32

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Answer 32

special cells in dorsal horn regulate pain transmission control the gate the gate can be opened or closed (allow or block pain impulses)

Question 33

Nursing Diagnoses Applicable for Pain

Answer 33

Risk for Caregiver Role Strain Ineffective Coping Fatigue Impaired Physical Motility Acute Pain Chronic Pain Bathing Self-Care Deficit Dressing Self-Care Deficit Risk for Situation Low Self-Esteem Social Isolation

Question 34

Large A Nerve Fibers

Answer 34

nerve fibers that when stimulated, close the impulse gate resulting in no pain

Question 35

Small C Nerve Fibers

Answer 35

nerve fibers that when stimulated, open the impulse gate resulting in pain

Question 36

Factors Influencing Pain Experience

Answer 36

Age Fatigue Neurological Function Gender Attention Previous experience Family Support Spirituality Culture Anxiety Depression Coping Style

Question 37

Idiopathic Pain

Answer 37

chronic pain without identifiable cause

Question 38

Components of Pain Assessment

Answer 38

"PQRSTU" Palliative or Provocative Factors- what makes pain worse? Quality- describe the pain? Relief measures- what do you take at home? Region- show me where it hurts? Severity- scale of 1-10? Timing- constant, intermittent or both? Ur effect- what does the pain inhibit?

Question 39

Breakthrough Pain

Answer 39

transient episodes of pain that occur in patients with chronic pain that has been previously reduced to tolerable levels

Question 40

Nursing Principles for Administering Analgesics

Answer 40

Know patient's previous response to alagesics Select proper medications when more than one is ordered Know accurate dose Assess right time interval for administration Choose right route

Question 41

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Answer 41

prostoglandins histamine bradykinin substance P

Question 42

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Answer 42

endorphins endogenous opioids serotonin norepinephrine GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 43

Clinical Approach to Pain Assessment

Answer 43

"ABCDE" Ask about pain regularly...Assess pain systematically Believe patient & their family Choose pain control options Deliver interventions logically Empower patients & families...Enable them to control their course

Question 44

Palliative Care

Answer 44

care of a patient that offers treatments to help patients live, perhaps years, with a variety of incurable conditions including pain

Question 45

Hospice Care

Answer 45

care for the terminally ill allowing patients to continue to live at home in comfort & privacy with help of a healthcare team

Question 46

# Reversed a physiological mechanism that protects an individual from harmful stimulus (short duration, limited damage)

Answer 46

Acute Pain

Question 47

# Reversed sensory, peripheral pain nerve fiber

Answer 47

Nociceptor

Question 48

# Reversed a pain-sensitizing substance that surrounds pain fibers in extracellular fluid, spreading pain message & causing inflammatory response

Answer 48

Prostoglandins

Question 49

# Reversed inhibitory neurotransmitters that decrease neuron activity without directly transferring a nerve signal through a synapse

Answer 49

Endorphins

Question 50

# Reversed "persistent non-cancer pain" not protective, prolonged pain varied in intensity & usually lasting longer (\> 6 months), doesn't always have identifiable cause, leads to great personal suffering

Answer 50

Chronic Pain

Question 51

# Reversed caused by tumor progression & related to pathological response processes, invasive procedures, treatment, toxicity, infection & physical limitations

Answer 51

Cancer Pain

Question 52

# Reversed pain occuring distant to the actual pain site

Answer 52

Referred Pain

Question 53

# Reversed drug delivery system that allows patients to self-administer analgesic meds when they want

Answer 53

Patient-Controlled Analgesic

Question 54

# Reversed stimulation of patient skin to prevent or reduce pain perception

Answer 54

Cutaneous Stimulation

Question 55

# Reversed technique in which a battery powered device blocks pain impulses from reaching the spinal cord by delivering weak electrical impulses to the skin surface

Answer 55

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Question 56

# Reversed mental & physical freedom from tension & stress that provides individuals with a sense of self-control

Answer 56

Relaxation

Question 57

# Reversed method of pain control in which the patient creates a mental image, concentrates on that image & gradually becomes less aware of pain

Answer 57

Guided Imagery

Question 58

# Reversed drugs that relieve pain

Answer 58

Analgesics

Question 59

# Reversed drug derived from the opium poppy or produced synthetically that alters perception of pain & with repeated use, may cause physical/psychological dependence

Answer 59

Opioids

Question 60

# Reversed medication that causes loss of sensation to a localized body part

Answer 60

Local Anesthesia

Question 61

# Reversed regional anesthesia administered into the epidural space int he spinal cord to block a group of sensory nerve fibers (through a catheter)

Answer 61

Epidural Infusion

Question 62

# Reversed pain that originates from skin, muscle, bone, or tissue

Answer 62

Somatic Pain

Question 63

# Reversed pain that originates from viscera or hollow organs

Answer 63

Visceral Pain

Question 64

# Reversed pain that originates from nerve damage

Answer 64

Neuropathic Pain

Question 65

# Reversed pain that is perceived from a missing limb

Answer 65

Phantom Pain

Question 66

# Reversed the least amount of stimulation that a person requires to perceive pain

Answer 66

Pain Threshold

Question 67

# Reversed maximum amount & duration of pain that person is willing to endure

Answer 67

Pain Tolerance

Question 68

# Reversed heightened, severe response to pain

Answer 68

Hyperalgesia

Question 69

# Reversed inactive substance or treatment given instead of one that has a proven effect

Answer 69

Placebo

Question 70

# Reversed drug-seeking behavior that simulates true addiction in patients with pain who are receiving inadequate pain medication

Answer 70

Pseudoaddiction

Question 71

# Reversed subjective highly individualized protective difficult to assess cannot see has limits can delay healing not equal to amount of damage can have without trauma

Answer 71

Properties of Pain

Question 72

# Reversed Transduction Transmission Perception Modulation

Answer 72

Four Phases of Physiological Process of Pain

Question 73

# Reversed process converting energy produced by pain stimuli into electrical energy

Answer 73

Transduction

Question 74

# Reversed process in which cellular damage from injury results in the release of excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 74

Transmission

Question 75

# Reversed process in which the brain & CNS extracts information about pain such as location, duration & quality

Answer 75

Perception

Question 76

# Reversed process in which the brain releases inhibitory neurotransmitters to hinder the transmission of pain & help produce an analgesic effect

Answer 76

Modulation

Question 77

# Reversed special cells in dorsal horn regulate pain transmission control the gate the gate can be opened or closed (allow or block pain impulses)

Answer 77

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Question 78

# Reversed Risk for Caregiver Role Strain Ineffective Coping Fatigue Impaired Physical Motility Acute Pain Chronic Pain Bathing Self-Care Deficit Dressing Self-Care Deficit Risk for Situation Low Self-Esteem Social Isolation

Answer 78

Nursing Diagnoses Applicable for Pain

Question 79

# Reversed nerve fibers that when stimulated, close the impulse gate resulting in no pain

Answer 79

Large A Nerve Fibers

Question 80

# Reversed nerve fibers that when stimulated, open the impulse gate resulting in pain

Answer 80

Small C Nerve Fibers

Question 81

# Reversed Age Fatigue Neurological Function Gender Attention Previous experience Family Support Spirituality Culture Anxiety Depression Coping Style

Answer 81

Factors Influencing Pain Experience

Question 82

# Reversed chronic pain without identifiable cause

Answer 82

Idiopathic Pain

Question 83

# Reversed "PQRSTU" Palliative or Provocative Factors- what makes pain worse? Quality- describe the pain? Relief measures- what do you take at home? Region- show me where it hurts? Severity- scale of 1-10? Timing- constant, intermittent or both? Ur effect- what does the pain inhibit?

Answer 83

Components of Pain Assessment

Question 84

# Reversed transient episodes of pain that occur in patients with chronic pain that has been previously reduced to tolerable levels

Answer 84

Breakthrough Pain

Question 85

# Reversed Know patient's previous response to alagesics Select proper medications when more than one is ordered Know accurate dose Assess right time interval for administration Choose right route

Answer 85

Nursing Principles for Administering Analgesics

Question 86

# Reversed prostoglandins histamine bradykinin substance P

Answer 86

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Question 87

# Reversed endorphins endogenous opioids serotonin norepinephrine GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Answer 87

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Question 88

# Reversed "ABCDE" Ask about pain regularly...Assess pain systematically Believe patient & their family Choose pain control options Deliver interventions logically Empower patients & families...Enable them to control their course

Answer 88

Clinical Approach to Pain Assessment

Question 89

# Reversed care of a patient that offers treatments to help patients live, perhaps years, with a variety of incurable conditions including pain

Answer 89

Palliative Care

Question 90

# Reversed care for the terminally ill allowing patients to continue to live at home in comfort & privacy with help of a healthcare team

Answer 90

Hospice Care