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Nursing Concepts > Asepsis > Flashcards

Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Infection

A

invasion of a susceptible host by a potentially harmful microorganism (pathogen) resulting in disease

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2
Q

Colonization

A

presence & growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

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3
Q

Fungi

A

a principle infecting agent includes yeast, molds & mushrooms grow in single cells or in multicellular filmentous colonies

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4
Q

Virulence

A

microorganisms ability to produce disease

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5
Q

Resevoir

A

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, & wait to transfer to a susceptible host

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6
Q

Carrier

A

human who shows no signs of disease but carry & can transmit microorganisms

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7
Q

Immunity

A

state in which a host in not susceptible either artificially or naturally

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8
Q

Active Immunity

A

results from having a disease & mounting an immune response that usually lasts a lifetime

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9
Q

Passive Immunity

A

acquisition of an antibody by one person from another, usually lasts short duration (weeks-month) EX: mother to baby

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10
Q

Antibodies

A

immunoglobulins, essential to the immune system, produced by lymphoid tissue in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens

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11
Q

Pathogenecity

A

ability of pathogenic agent to produce disease

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12
Q

Normal Flora

A

large amounts of microorganisms residing on surface & deep layers of skin, in saliva, oral mucosa & intestinal walls

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13
Q

Inflammation

A

cellular response of the body to injury or infection

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14
Q

Necrotic

A

of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury

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15
Q

Antigen

A

foreign material entering the body that creates a series of responses that changes the biological make-up of the body

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16
Q

Health-Care Acquired Infection (HAI)

A

when a patient develops an infections that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a healthcare setting

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17
Q

Exogenous Infection

A

comes from microorganisms found outside the individual

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18
Q

Endogenous Infection

A

occurs when part of a patient flora becomes altered & overgrowth occurs

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19
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

an effort to keep patients as free from exposure to infections-causing pathogens as possible

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20
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

“clean techniques” including procedures used to reduce the # & prevent the spread of microorganisms

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21
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

“sterile techniques” including procedures to eliminate all microorganisms

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22
Q

Sterilization

A

destroys all microorganisms & their spores

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23
Q

Standard Precautions

A

used routinely with every patient regardless of diagnosis, including hand hygiene & use of barriers (gloves)

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24
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A

required when patient has communicable disease or infection that is easily transmissible

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25
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

safeguards to reduce the risk of transmission of infection through air a person breathes

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26
Q

Contact Precautions

A

safeguards to reduce the risk of transmission of infection by direct or indirect contact

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27
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

safeguards to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents

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28
Q

Aerobe

A

a microbe that is able to live and reproduce in the presence of oxygen

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29
Q

Anaerobe

A

a microorganism that can live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen

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30
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

transmission of infection through the air a person breathes

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31
Q

Antibiotic

A

a natural or synthetic substance used extensibely to treat infectious diseases

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32
Q

Antimicrobial

A

destructive to or preventing the development of microorganisms

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33
Q

Antiseptic

A

preventing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

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34
Q

Communicable Disease

A

a disease capable of being transmitted from one individual to another

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35
Q

Cultures

A

the propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media that are conducive to their growth

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36
Q

Disinfectants

A

a substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria mostly used on surfaces or equipment, not the body

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37
Q

Exudate

A

any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris

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38
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

any of a diverse group of plasma polypeptides that bind antigenic proteins & serve as one of the body’s primary defenses against disease

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39
Q

Isolation

A

the physical separation of those with certain infections from other people to prevent or limit the transmission of disease

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40
Q

Leukocytosis

A

an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood occurs most commonly in disease involving infection

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41
Q

Nonspecific Defenses

A

the general ways a body prevents foreign materials from causing harm includes physical & chemical barriers, the inflammatory response & interferons

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42
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

an infection acquired in a hospital, nursing home, or other health care setting burn patients & surgical ICU patients have highest rates

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43
Q

Resident Flora

A

normal flora

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44
Q

Spore

A

a cell produced by fungi for reproduction; may remain dormant yet viable for months a resistant cell produced by bacteria to withstand extreme heat, cold or dehydration; may remain viable for decades

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45
Q

Sterile Field

A

area that is free from living microorganisms

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46
Q

Sterile Technique

A

includes procedures to eliminate all microorganisms from an area; “surgical asepsis”

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47
Q

Asphyxiation

A

the process of limiting intake of oxygen

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48
Q

Bactericidal

A

capable of killing bacteria

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49
Q

Bloodborne Pathogen

A

pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood

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50
Q

Cellular Immunity

A

T-cell mediated immune functions requiring cell interactions

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51
Q

Fungi

A

the kingdom of organisms that include yeasts, mold & mushrooms

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52
Q

Host

A

the organism from which a parasite obtains its nourishment

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53
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

protective activities of antibodies against infection or reinfection by common organisms

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54
Q

Occupational Exposure

A

introduction of microorganisms during job duties that may place worker at risk for infections

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55
Q

Opportunistic Pathogen

A

any pathogen that causes infection resulting from a defective immune system that cannot defend against it resident flora that infects a body site in which they are normally present

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56
Q

Virus

A

a pathogen composed of nucleic acid within a protein shell which can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell

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57
Q

Normal Defenses of the Body Against Infection

A

Normal Flora Body System Defenses Inflammation Immune Response

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58
Q

Body System Defenses

A

Skin Mouth Eye Respiratory Tract Urinary Tract Gastrointestinal Tract Vagina

59
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Localized Infection

A

pain edema heat erythema exudate discoloration odor

60
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Systemic Infection

A

fever shaking chills decreased urination rapid pulse rapid breathing nausea & vomiting diarrhea

61
Q

Risks for HAI & Nosocomial Infections

A

invasive procedures medical therapies long hospitalizations contact with health-care personnel lowered resistance to infection due to underlying conditions invasive treatment devices treatment with multiple antibiotics for long periods of time

62
Q

Chain of Infection

A

Portal of Entry—>Host Susceptibility—>Infectious Agent—>Reservoir—>Portal of Exit—>Transmission

63
Q

Portal of Entry

A

routes through which microorganisms enter the body including broken skin, mucous membranes, GU tract, GI tract, & respiratory tract

64
Q

Host Susceptibility

A

an individual’s degree of resistance to pathogens

65
Q

Reservoir

A

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply & wait to transfer to a susceptible host (humans, animals, insects, food, water, organic material)

66
Q

Portal of Exit

A

site through which microorganisms exit the body including respiratory tract, GI tract, GU tract, reproductive tract & blood

67
Q

Suprainfection

A

secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

68
Q

Factors that Influence a Microorganism’s Capability to Produce Infection

A

Age Personal Habits Heredity Environmental Factors Cultural Practices Immunization/Disease History Nutritional Status Medical Therapies Stress Clinical Appearance & Data Rest & Exercise Inadequate Defenses

69
Q

Interventions to Reduce Risk of Infection

A

Health Promotion (hand hygiene, nutrition, rest, exercise, immunization) Disinfection & Sterilization of equipment Cleaning Control or Elimination of Reservoirs Control Portals of Exit & Entry Control Transmission Isolation & Barrier Protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

70
Q

Sepsis

A

presence of pathogenic organisms or toxins in the blood/tissue

71
Q

Vehicle-Borne Transmission

A

any substance that serves as a means to transport & introduce microorganisms into a host through portal of entry

72
Q

Vector-Borne Transmission

A

an animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting infectious agent

73
Q

Reversed

invasion of a susceptible host by a potentially harmful microorganism (pathogen) resulting in disease

74
Q

Reversed

presence & growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

A

Colonization

75
Q

Reversed

a principle infecting agent includes yeast, molds & mushrooms grow in single cells or in multicellular filmentous colonies

76
Q

Reversed

microorganisms ability to produce disease

77
Q

Reversed

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, & wait to transfer to a susceptible host

78
Q

Reversed

human who shows no signs of disease but carry & can transmit microorganisms

79
Q

Reversed

state in which a host in not susceptible either artificially or naturally

80
Q

Reversed

results from having a disease & mounting an immune response that usually lasts a lifetime

A

Active Immunity

81
Q

Reversed

acquisition of an antibody by one person from another, usually lasts short duration (weeks-month) EX: mother to baby

A

Passive Immunity

82
Q

Reversed

immunoglobulins, essential to the immune system, produced by lymphoid tissue in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens

A

Antibodies

83
Q

Reversed

ability of pathogenic agent to produce disease

A

Pathogenecity

84
Q

Reversed

large amounts of microorganisms residing on surface & deep layers of skin, in saliva, oral mucosa & intestinal walls

A

Normal Flora

85
Q

Reversed

cellular response of the body to injury or infection

A

Inflammation

86
Q

Reversed

of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury

87
Q

Reversed

foreign material entering the body that creates a series of responses that changes the biological make-up of the body

88
Q

Reversed

when a patient develops an infections that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a healthcare setting

A

Health-Care Acquired Infection (HAI)

89
Q

Reversed

comes from microorganisms found outside the individual

A

Exogenous Infection

90
Q

Reversed

occurs when part of a patient flora becomes altered & overgrowth occurs

A

Endogenous Infection

91
Q

Reversed

an effort to keep patients as free from exposure to infections-causing pathogens as possible

A

Aseptic Technique

92
Q

Reversed

“clean techniques” including procedures used to reduce the # & prevent the spread of microorganisms

A

Medical Asepsis

93
Q

Reversed

“sterile techniques” including procedures to eliminate all microorganisms

A

Surgical Asepsis

94
Q

Reversed

destroys all microorganisms & their spores

A

Sterilization

95
Q

Reversed

used routinely with every patient regardless of diagnosis, including hand hygiene & use of barriers (gloves)

A

Standard Precautions

96
Q

Reversed

required when patient has communicable disease or infection that is easily transmissible

A

Transmission-Based Precautions

97
Q

Reversed

safeguards to reduce the risk of transmission of infection through air a person breathes

A

Airborne Precautions

98
Q

Reversed

safeguards to reduce the risk of transmission of infection by direct or indirect contact

A

Contact Precautions

99
Q

Reversed

safeguards to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents

A

Droplet Precautions

100
Q

Reversed

a microbe that is able to live and reproduce in the presence of oxygen

101
Q

Reversed

a microorganism that can live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen

102
Q

Reversed

transmission of infection through the air a person breathes

A

Airborne Transmission

103
Q

Reversed

a natural or synthetic substance used extensibely to treat infectious diseases

A

Antibiotic

104
Q

Reversed

destructive to or preventing the development of microorganisms

A

Antimicrobial

105
Q

Reversed

preventing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

A

Antiseptic

106
Q

Reversed

a disease capable of being transmitted from one individual to another

A

Communicable Disease

107
Q

Reversed

the propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media that are conducive to their growth

108
Q

Reversed

a substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria mostly used on surfaces or equipment, not the body

A

Disinfectants

109
Q

Reversed

any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris

110
Q

Reversed

any of a diverse group of plasma polypeptides that bind antigenic proteins & serve as one of the body’s primary defenses against disease

A

Immunoglobulins

111
Q

Reversed

the physical separation of those with certain infections from other people to prevent or limit the transmission of disease

112
Q

Reversed

an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood occurs most commonly in disease involving infection

A

Leukocytosis

113
Q

Reversed

the general ways a body prevents foreign materials from causing harm includes physical & chemical barriers, the inflammatory response & interferons

A

Nonspecific Defenses

114
Q

Reversed

an infection acquired in a hospital, nursing home, or other health care setting burn patients & surgical ICU patients have highest rates

A

Nosocomial Infection

115
Q

Reversed

normal flora

A

Resident Flora

116
Q

Reversed

a cell produced by fungi for reproduction; may remain dormant yet viable for months a resistant cell produced by bacteria to withstand extreme heat, cold or dehydration; may remain viable for decades

117
Q

Reversed

area that is free from living microorganisms

A

Sterile Field

118
Q

Reversed

includes procedures to eliminate all microorganisms from an area; “surgical asepsis”

A

Sterile Technique

119
Q

Reversed

the process of limiting intake of oxygen

A

Asphyxiation

120
Q

Reversed

capable of killing bacteria

A

Bactericidal

121
Q

Reversed

pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood

A

Bloodborne Pathogen

122
Q

Reversed

T-cell mediated immune functions requiring cell interactions

A

Cellular Immunity

123
Q

Reversed

the kingdom of organisms that include yeasts, mold & mushrooms

124
Q

Reversed

the organism from which a parasite obtains its nourishment

125
Q

Reversed

protective activities of antibodies against infection or reinfection by common organisms

A

Humoral Immunity

126
Q

Reversed

introduction of microorganisms during job duties that may place worker at risk for infections

A

Occupational Exposure

127
Q

Reversed

any pathogen that causes infection resulting from a defective immune system that cannot defend against it resident flora that infects a body site in which they are normally present

A

Opportunistic Pathogen

128
Q

Reversed

a pathogen composed of nucleic acid within a protein shell which can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell

129
Q

Reversed

Normal Flora Body System Defenses Inflammation Immune Response

A

Normal Defenses of the Body Against Infection

130
Q

Reversed

Skin Mouth Eye Respiratory Tract Urinary Tract Gastrointestinal Tract Vagina

A

Body System Defenses

131
Q

Reversed

pain edema heat erythema exudate discoloration odor

A

Signs & Symptoms of Localized Infection

132
Q

Reversed

fever shaking chills decreased urination rapid pulse rapid breathing nausea & vomiting diarrhea

A

Signs & Symptoms of Systemic Infection

133
Q

Reversed

invasive procedures medical therapies long hospitalizations contact with health-care personnel lowered resistance to infection due to underlying conditions invasive treatment devices treatment with multiple antibiotics for long periods of time

A

Risks for HAI & Nosocomial Infections

134
Q

Reversed

Portal of Entry—>Host Susceptibility—>Infectious Agent—>Reservoir—>Portal of Exit—>Transmission

A

Chain of Infection

135
Q

Reversed

routes through which microorganisms enter the body including broken skin, mucous membranes, GU tract, GI tract, & respiratory tract

A

Portal of Entry

136
Q

Reversed

an individual’s degree of resistance to pathogens

A

Host Susceptibility

137
Q

Reversed

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply & wait to transfer to a susceptible host (humans, animals, insects, food, water, organic material)

138
Q

Reversed

site through which microorganisms exit the body including respiratory tract, GI tract, GU tract, reproductive tract & blood

A

Portal of Exit

139
Q

Reversed

secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

A

Suprainfection

140
Q

Reversed

Age Personal Habits Heredity Environmental Factors Cultural Practices Immunization/Disease History Nutritional Status Medical Therapies Stress Clinical Appearance & Data Rest & Exercise Inadequate Defenses

A

Factors that Influence a Microorganism’s Capability to Produce Infection

141
Q

Reversed

Health Promotion (hand hygiene, nutrition, rest, exercise, immunization) Disinfection & Sterilization of equipment Cleaning Control or Elimination of Reservoirs Control Portals of Exit & Entry Control Transmission Isolation & Barrier Protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Interventions to Reduce Risk of Infection

142
Q

Reversed

presence of pathogenic organisms or toxins in the blood/tissue

143
Q

Reversed

any substance that serves as a means to transport & introduce microorganisms into a host through portal of entry

A

Vehicle-Borne Transmission

144
Q

Reversed

an animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting infectious agent

A

Vector-Borne Transmission

Nursing Concepts (16 decks)

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