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Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Flashcards

1
Q

acid-base imbalance within the body that results from base deficit in the blood

A

Acidosis

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2
Q

acid-base imbalance within the body that results from base excess in the blood

A

Alkalosis

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3
Q

energy-requiring movement of electrolytes or other substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

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4
Q

hormone that regulates osmolality of body fluids by influencing how much water is excreted in urine

A

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

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5
Q

hormone that regulates ECV by influencing how much sodium and water are excreted in the urine

A

Aldosterone

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6
Q

a calculation that reflects unmeasurable anions present in plasma; it is useful for identifying the cause of metabolic acidosis

A

Anion Gap

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7
Q

negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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8
Q

compound that separates into ions (charged particles) when dissolved in water

A

Electrolyte

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9
Q

positively charged ions

A

Cations

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10
Q

charged particles

A

Ions

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11
Q

infusion of a donor’s blood into a patient

A

Allogenic Transfusion

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12
Q

collection and reinfusion of a patient’s own blood

A

Autologous Transfusion

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13
Q

analysis of the acid-base balance and oxygenation in the blood

A

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

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14
Q

pairs of chemicals that work together to maintain normal pH of body fluids; main one= bicarbonate buffer system, hemoglobin, protein buffers and phosphate buffers

A

Buffers

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15
Q

hypernatremia occurring in combination with ECV deficit

A

Clinical Dehydration

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16
Q

blood product…large particles that does not normally pass through cell and capillary membranes and do not readily dissolve into true solutions

A

Colloids

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17
Q

electrolyte therapy

A

Crystalloids

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18
Q

inward-pulling force caused by the presence of protein molecules

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure (Oncotic Pressure)

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19
Q

osmolality of body fluids

A

Concentration

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20
Q

concentration of body fluids

A

Osmolality

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21
Q

passive movement of electrolytes or other particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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22
Q

IV pumps used for fluid replacement

A

Electronic Infusion Device (EID)

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23
Q

a third of a body’s fluid that is intravascular…the least stable of the body fluids

A

Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECV)

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24
Q

occurs when there is too much isotonic fluid in the extracellular compartment

A

ECV Excess

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25
Q

occurs when there is too small a volume of isotonic fluid in the vascular and interstitial areas

A

ECV Deficit

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26
Q

decreased vascular volume in the ECV deficit

A

Hypovolemia

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27
Q

abnormally high Na+ concentration in ECF caused by loss of relatively more water than salt or gain of relatively more salt than water

A

Hypernatremia

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28
Q

abnormally low Na+ concentration in ECF, which occurs from gaining relatively more water than salt or losing relatively more salt than water

A

Hyponatremia

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29
Q

an inadequate level of K+ in the blood

A

Hypokalemia

30
Q

abnormally low blood concentration of total Ca+ or ionized Ca+

A

Hypocalcemia

31
Q

abnormally high blood K+ concentration

A

Hyperkalemia

32
Q

abnormally high Ca+ concentration in the blood

A

Hypercalcemia

33
Q

net affect of several forces that tend to move fluid across a membrance

A

Filtration

34
Q

solution that is less concentrated than normal blood that pulls fluid out of blood vessels into the cells, causing them to swell (%5 Dextrose-D5W, 1/2 NS-0.45% Normal Saline)

A

Hypotonic IV Fluid

35
Q

solution that is more concentrated than normal blood that causes water to be pulled from cells into the blood vessels, causing them to shrink (5% Dextrose in 0.45% Normal Saline- D5 1/2, D5NS- 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline, 3% & 5% Saline only used in patients with dangerously low serum Na+ levels)

A

Hypertonic IV Fluid

36
Q

solution that has the same concentration of normal blood that causes fluid to remain in the extracellular space (Normal Saline 0.9%, Lactated Ringers

A

Isotonic IV Fluid

37
Q

breakdown of RBCs

38
Q

the dynamic interplay of three processes: fluid intake & absorption, fluid distribution and fluid output

A

Fluid Homeostasis

39
Q

continuous water loss occurring through the skin and lungs that is invisible

A

Insensible Water Loss

40
Q

occurs when IV fluids leak into subcutaneous tissue around the site because the catheter tip no longer is in the vein

A

Infiltration

41
Q

state that results from conditions that increase metabolic acids in the body or decrease the amount of base (bicarbonate)

A

Metabolic Acidosis

42
Q

state that results from a gain of bicarbonate or from excessive excretion of metabolic acid (most commonly caused by vomiting and gastric suction)

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

43
Q

an increased PaCO2 and an increased H+ ion concentration (pH below 7.35) that reflects the excess carbonic acid in the blood

A

Respiratory Acidosis

44
Q

a decreased PaCO2 an increased pH (above 7.45) that reflects the deficit of carbonic acid in the blood

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

45
Q

“colloid osmotic pressure”; inward-pulling force caused by the presence of protein molecules

A

Oncotic Pressure

46
Q

receptors in the brain that continually monitor plasma osmolality (when osmolality increases, the hypothalamus stimulates thirst)

A

Osmoreceptors

47
Q

movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a compartment of lower particle concentration to one that has a higher particle concentration

48
Q

inward-pulling force exerted by the particles in any fluid compartment

A

Osmotic Pressure

49
Q

replacement of fluid and electrolytes through infusion of fluids intravenously

A

Parenteral

50
Q

inflammation of a vein

51
Q

catheter or infusion ports designed for repeated access to the vascular system

A

Vascular Access Devices (VADs)

52
Q

technique used for accessing a vein by puncture through the skin using a sharp rigid stylet

A

Venipuncture

53
Q

fluid that makes up 40% of the body’s fluids…the most stable in the body

A

Intracellular Fluid

54
Q

reserve fluid in the body

A

Interstitial Fluid

55
Q

least stable type of fluid in the body inside the blood vessels

A

Intravascular Fluid

56
Q

fluids given that pull fluid from the tissues into the vessels which increases the number of colloids which causes an increase in osmolality…used to treat 3rd spacing, either alone or with crystalloids (EX: Dextran, Plasma, Hetastarch and Albumin)

A

Colloid Volume Expanders

57
Q

force of a fluid pressing outward against the walls of its container

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

58
Q

decreased albumin in the blood…found in malnourished and cachectic

A

Hypoalbuminemia

59
Q

abnormally decreased amount of protein in the blood

A

Hypoproteinemia

60
Q

the resistance of the skin to deformation

61
Q

Normal Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

Female: 12-16 g/dL
Male: 14-18 g/dL

62
Q

Normal Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Female: 37-47%
Male: 42-52%

63
Q

Normal Sodium (Na+)

A

136-145 mEq/L

64
Q

Normal Potassium (K+)

65
Q

Normal Chloride (Cl-)

66
Q

Normal Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

67
Q

Normal BUN

68
Q

Normal Glucose

69
Q

Normal Creatinine

A

Female: 0.5-1.1
Male: 0.6-1.2

70
Q

Normal Body pH

71
Q

Normal PCO2

72
Q

Normal HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

Nursing Concepts (16 decks)

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