Oxygenation

Question 1

condition in which the patient must be in an upright position to breathe

Answer 1

Orthopnea

Question 2

breathlessness

Answer 2

Dyspnea

Question 3

abnormal breath sounds

Answer 3

Adventitious Sounds

Question 4

when auscultating lungs, a high-pitched, short, interrupted crackle sound heard during end of inspiration (not cleared with coughing) CAUSED BY random, sudden inflation of groups of alveoli or a disruptive passage of air through the small airways…most commonlt heard in dependent lobes, right & left lung bases

Answer 4

Crackles

Question 5

when auscultating lungs, a loud, low-pitched, rumbling coarse sound heard either during expiration or inspiration (may be cleared by coughing) CAUSED BY muscular spasm, fluid, or mucus in larger airways, new growth or external pressure…most commonly heard over trachea & bronchi but if loud enough, can be heard over most of lung field

Answer 5

Ronchi

Question 6

when auscultating lungs, a high-pitched, continuous musical sound such as a squeak heard continuously during inspiration or expiration, usually louder on expiration CAUSED BY high velocity airflow through severely narrowed or obstructed airways…most commonly heard all over lung field

Answer 6

Wheezes

Question 7

primary function of the lungs: the movement of air in & out of the lungs

Answer 7

Ventilation

Question 8

primary function of the lungs: the movement of gasses between air spaces & bloodstream

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism

Answer 9

Respiration

Question 10

the movement of blood into & out of the lungs to the organs & tissues of the body

Answer 10

Perfusion

Question 11

the amount of oxygen entering the the body

Answer 11

Oxygenation

Question 12

inadequate tissue oxygenation with a deficiency in oxygen delivery or oxygen utilization at the cellular level

Answer 12

Hypoxia

Question 13

the abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood, a low partial pressure of oxygen

Answer 13

Hypoxemia

Question 14

condition that occurs when ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demands of the body or to eliminate carbon dioxide

Answer 14

Hypoventilation

Question 15

an increase in the respiratory rate, resulting in excess amount of carbon dioxide elimination

Answer 15

Hyperventilation

Question 16

Factors Affecting Oxygenation

Answer 16

(1) decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (2) decreased inspired oxygen concentration (3) increased metabolic rate (4) conditions affecting chest wall movement

Question 17

collapse of alveoli preventing the normal respiratory exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide

Answer 17

Atelectasis

Question 18

Condition Affecting Chest Wall Movement

Answer 18

(1) musculoskeletal abnormalities (2) nervous system diseases (3) trauma

Question 19

chemical in the lung that maintains the integrity of the alveoli, keeping them dry & preventing alveolar damage

Answer 19

Surfactant

Question 20

Lifestyle Factors that Affect Cardiopulmonary Function

Answer 20

Nutrition, Hydration, Exercise, Cigarette Smoking, Substance Abuse, Stress

Question 21

Items to Assess During Nursing History of Cardiopulmonary Function

Answer 21

Risk Factors, Fatigue, Pain, Breathing Pattern, Cough, Respiratory Infections, Medication Use

Question 22

bloody sputum

Answer 22

Hemoptysis

Question 23

process that uses the aerosol principle to suspend a maximum number of water drops or particles of the desired size in inspired air…improves clearance

Answer 23

Nebulization

Question 24

a collection of air or other gas in the plueral space

Answer 24

Pneumothorax

Question 25

any muscle that is recruited to increase ventilation by patients with labored breathing

Answer 25

Accessory Muscle

Question 26

small, hollow air sac of the lung

Answer 26

Alveoli

Question 27

temporary cessation of breathing & therefore, the body's intake of oxygen & release of carbon dioxide

Answer 27

Apnea

Question 28

abnormally slow breathing

Answer 28

Bradypnea

Question 29

tubular, hollow breath sounds heard when auscultating over large airways i.e. 2nd & 3rd intercostal spaces

Answer 29

Bronchial Breath Sounds

Question 30

a drug that expands the bronchi by relaxing the bronchial muscle

Answer 30

Bronchodilator

Question 31

pertaining to bronchial tubes & alveoli with special reference to sounds intermediate between bronchial or tracheal sounds & vesicular sounds

Answer 31

Bronchovesicular

Question 32

a blue, gray, slate or dark purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by deoxygenated or reduced hemoglobin in the blood

Answer 32

Cyanosis

Question 33

a catheter inserted into the trachea to provide or protect an airway

Answer 33

Endotracheal Tube

Question 34

the act or process of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs...the expulsion of mucus or phlegm from the throat or lungs

Answer 34

Expectorate

Question 35

expulsion of air from the lungs in breathing...exhaling

Answer 35

Expiration

Question 36

inhalation...drawing air into the lungs

Answer 36

Inspiration

Question 37

device used to encourage voluntary deep breathing by providing visual feedback to patients of the inspiratory volume they have acheived

Answer 37

Incentive Spirometer

Question 38

device designed to deliver a measured dose of an inhaltion drug

Answer 38

Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)

Question 39

device used to deliver supplemental oxygen or airflow to a patient in need of respiratory help

Answer 39

Nasal Cannula

Question 40

a device used in medical emergencies in which a patient need oxygen therapy but can breath unassisted...allows for higher dose oxygen than a nasal cannula

Answer 40

Non Rebreather Mask

Question 41

condition in which excess fluid builds up in the fluid-filled cavity surrounding the lungs

Answer 41

Pleural Effusion

Question 42

a photosensor with two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of differing wavelengths that measure the combined absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (indirect measurement of O2 saturation)

Answer 42

Pulse Oximeter

Question 43

mucus coughed up from the lower airways

Answer 43

Sputum

Question 44

abnormally rapid rate of breathing

Answer 44

Tachypnea

Question 45

volume representing the normal amount of air displaced between inhalation & exhalation when extra effort is not applied

Answer 45

Tidal Volume

Question 46

procedure of entering the pleural cavity & aspirating fluid (usually performed at bedside)

Answer 46

Thoracentisis

Question 47

an artificial opening made in the neck to provide an airway

Answer 47

Tracheostomy

Question 48

normal, soft, low-pitched breath sounds with a rustling quality during inspiration, softer during expiration

Answer 48

Vesicular Breath Sounds

Question 49

the movement of blood into & out of the lungs to the organs & tissues of the body (supported by the heart)

Answer 49

Perfusion

Question 50

The Normal Electrical Pathway of the Heart

Answer 50

SA node--->across the atria--->AV node--->Bundle of His--->Purkinje fibers--->ventricles

Question 51

resistance of the ejection of blood from the left ventricle

Answer 51

Afterload

Question 52

amount of blood at end of ventricular diastole or measured as end-diastolic pressure

Answer 52

Preload