pain

Question 1

nociception

Answer 1

neural process of encoding noxious stimuli

Question 2

nociceptors

Answer 2

cells activated by noxious stimuli
peripheral neurons transduce noxious stimuli into elec potentials to CNS

Question 3

nociceptive pain

Answer 3

pain that arises from, actual / threatened damage to non-neural tissue
*activation of nociceptors

Question 4

inflammatory pain

Answer 4

pain driven by inflammation
inflammatory cells to site of inflammation release substances that act on nociceptors

Question 5

neuropathic pain

Answer 5

pain caused by lesion / disease of somatosensory ns
injury to pns or cns -> permanent damage to circuitry and connections

Question 6

site of pain perception

Answer 6

cerebrum

Question 7

what stimulation to nociceptors respond to & what speed?

Answer 7

high threshold, low speed

Question 8

a fibre nociceptors

Answer 8

unspecialized, free nerve endings
thinly myelinated
conduction velocities 5
-30m/s
Fast (sharp) pain

Question 9

c fibre nociceptors

Answer 9

unspecialized, free nerve endings
unmyelinated
conduction velocities <2 m/s
Slow (burning) pain

Question 10

mechanical nociceptors

Answer 10

respond to mechanical stimuli

Question 11

thermal nociceptors

Answer 11

respond to noxious temperature

Question 12

polymodal nociceptors

Answer 12

respond to combinations of thermal and mechanical (and or chemicals or inflammatory mediators)

Question 13

nociceptors send to cns through what horn?

Answer 13

dorsal

Question 14

lesion of lower thoracic?

Answer 14

zone of complete loss of sensation is in a complete different site

Question 15

sensitisation

Answer 15

e.g. lightly touch sunburn
decreased threshold to activate

Question 16

hyperalgesia

Answer 16

increased pain from a stim that usually provokes pain

Question 17

allodynia

Answer 17

increased pain from a stim that normally doesnt provoke pain

Question 18

peripheral sensitisation

Answer 18

Increased responsiveness and reduced threshold of
nociceptive neurons in the periphery to the stimulation of their receptive fields

Question 19

central sensitisation

Answer 19

• Increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central
  nervous system to their normal or subthreshold afferent input

Question 20

opioids act on?

Answer 20

supraspinal opioid receptors (enhance descending inhibition)
can also act in dorsal horn to inhibit excitatory NT release

Question 21

NSAIDS (ibuprofen)

Answer 21

reduce production of prostaglandins - activate and sensitise peripheral nociceptors

Question 22

local anaesthetics

Answer 22

inhibit ap propagation in axons of peripheral sensory neurons