learning & memory systems

Question 1

how does learning happen in the brain?

Answer 1

location: hypothalamus
via: LTP

Question 2

retrograde amnesia

Answer 2

can’t remember old memories

Question 3

anterograde amnesia

Answer 3

can’t form new memories

Question 4

implicit (declarative memory)

Answer 4

motor skills

Question 5

explicit (non-declarative memory)

Answer 5

motor skills
(dont involve conscious memory)

Question 6

when you have a lesion in these three, rank from most to least impact on WM?

Answer 6

1. perirhinal cortex
2. parahippocampal cortex
3. hippocampus

Question 7

phonological storage (verbal info) depends on what brain structure?

Answer 7

posterior parietal cortices

Question 8

phonological rehearsal depends on what brain area?

Answer 8

broca’s area

Question 9

modulation of spatial and object info involves modulation of?

Answer 9

representations in the parietal, inferior temporal, and extrastriate occipital cortices
BY frontal and premotor cortices

Question 10

episodic memory (4 steps)

Answer 10

encoding
storage
consolidation
retrieval

Question 11

retrieval (episodic memory)

Answer 11

partial transection of corpus collosum = info presented in V1 on presentation side, then crosses to other hemisphere via corpus callosum
this process is interrupted when corpus callosum transected

Question 12

consolidation (episodic memory)

Answer 12

place cell activation during sleep, in same order therefore there is consolidation during sleep

Question 13

hippocampus useful for?

Answer 13

navigation

Question 14

explicit memory processed where?

Answer 14

medial temporal lobe

Question 15

implicit memory processed where?

Answer 15

neocortex (priming), striatum (procedural), associative learning (amygdala, cerebellum), habituation/sensitisation (reflex pathways) greater range

Question 16

habituation vs sensitisation

Answer 16

habituation: decreases EPSP, and decreases excitability of the action
sensitisation: increases calcium influx = increased NT release

Question 17

pavlov

Answer 17

pair food and bell, thereforebell alone = salivation

Question 18

eye-blink reflex

Answer 18

bell + air puff
therefore bell alone = blink

Question 19

classical conditioning does what to EPSP?

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

habit learning

Answer 20

pairing food and light in maze, changes pattern of mice behaviour

Question 21

early vs late LTP

Answer 21

late LTP = longer lasting effects because synthesis of proteins

Question 22

pre before post

Answer 22

potentiation

Question 23

post before pre

Answer 23

depression