nervous system disorders Flashcards

1
Q

learning and developmental disabilities

A

Functional limitations that manifest in infancy or childhood as a result of disorder to developing NS

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2
Q

neurological vs mental disorders

A

Neurological: caused by degeneration or inflammation
Mental: due to areas not working properly rather than being damaged

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s neurological deficit

A

Deposition of amyloid protein and disruption of neuronal cytoskeleton
Tangled Tau proteins within microtubule (which begins to fall apart)

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4
Q

tau

A

Tau is usually there to stabilise microtubules, but when aggregated -> neuronal death

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5
Q

seizures

A

transient, hypersynchronous abnormal neuronal activity
(genes also get a little more excitable)

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6
Q

idiopathic epilepsy

A

10%
(such as childhood-onset absence epilepsy), which
is thought to have a genetic basis.

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7
Q

secondary (symptomatic) epilepsy

A

20%
is caused by a known
central nervous system injury or disorder

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8
Q

cryptogenic epilepsy

A

60%
no evidence of why

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9
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

demyelination then remyelination
↳ but, progressive loss of function

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10
Q

what gender has higher rate of adhd, autism, substance use disorders

A

males

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11
Q

what gender has higher rate of depression, anxiety, ed

A

female

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12
Q

twins & schizophrenia

A

if one identical twin has it, the other will too

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13
Q

what meds do we use to treat schizophrenia

A

d2 receptor agonists

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14
Q

dopamine & schizophrenia

A

too much = abnormal thoughts

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15
Q

issues with dopamine & schizophrenia hypothesis

A
  1. Dopamine agonsists bind quickly, but effects of drugs take ages, 2. PCP causes similar states to schiz but acts on glutamate, 3. some people dont respond to D2 blockers but broad monoamine antagonism
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16
Q

major depressive episode vs manic depression

A

Major Depressive Episode: Depressed mood or feelings of guilt, social withdrawal
Manic Depression: oscillate between very high state and very low state

17
Q

areas of overactivity in depression Amygdala (fear related behaviours)

A

Orbital & Medial prefrontal cortex (bad thinking)
Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus (inputs to prefrontal cortex)

18
Q

tricyclics (depression)

A

block reuptake of 5HT and NA

19
Q

fluoxetine

A

block reuptake of 5HT

20
Q

MAO inhibitor

A

inhibits breakdown of 5HT and NA
(MAO - enzyme responsible for breakdown)

21
Q

lithium salts

A

treat manic depression, we dont know how

22
Q

does alcohol cross BBB?

A

yes. this is why conditions can arise during prenatal exposure
FAS - fetal alcohol syndrome (different hand crease, face differences)

23
Q

alcohol biological affect

A

Alcohol disinhibits GABA (makes people more likely to do things they normally wouldn’t)
however has been found to potentiate and inhibit GABA

24
Q

chronic alc consumption & GABA (what disorder does this relate to?)

A

decreased number of gaba receptors in brain
consistent with anxiety

25
alc + glutamate (chronic)
chronic alc consumption increases glutamate rec around hipppocampus
26
alc on 5ht, endorphins, dopamine
increase release
27
alcoholics - effects on brain
decrease brain weight decrease white matter concentration neuronal loss (hypothalamus, cerebral, cerebellum) thiamine deficiency (b/c liver) = brain damage
28
can kids with brain deficiency (esp prefrontal cortex) 'catch up'
NO touch is the most vital sense - grow up without it is a problem