neural communication & plasticity Flashcards

1
Q

nissl stain vs golgi stain

A

nissl: stains all cell bodies
golgi: stains a %, shows dendrites more clearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

brain layer 1

A

molecular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

brain layer 2

A

outer granular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

brain layer 3

A

outer pyramidal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

brain layer 4

A

inner granular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

brain layer 5

A

inner pyramidal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

brain layer 6

A

multiform layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

central sulcus (forward & behind)

A

forward: action
behind: perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

broadman’s cortical map

A

began to map certain functions to certain brain areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

afferent

A

info to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

efferent

A

info from brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dorsal roots

A

afferent
sensory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ventral roots

A

efferent
movement info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wilhelm von Waldeyer defined what?

A

defined a neuron as communication cell in NS
named: dendrite & axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

charles sherrington’s discovery ( 3 reasons supporting)

A

synapse exists b/c:
1. degeneration was discrete, not continuous
2. reflexes were slowed down by a junction
3. something makes reflex conduction unidirectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1897: cajal & sherrington

A

synapse!!
(only theoretical)

17
Q

george oliver & henry dale

A

naturally occurring substances mimic nerve stimulation
chemical?

18
Q

loewi (vagusstoff)

A

stimulation of one heart activates the other heart in a connected chamber (inhibitory effect observed)
therefore: chemical

19
Q

how many neural impulses is there a second? chemical synapse

20
Q

have neurotransmitters changed over time?

A

primitive animals had the same neurotransmitters as we do now
it is the WAY the NT’s act that changes via evolution

21
Q

what can you infer about a NT’s function from their chemical structure?

22
Q

cajal’s discovery (relating to synaptic plasticity)

A

discovered “growth cones”
how fixed is the NS?

23
Q

how many inputs can one neuron have?

24
Q

why was hippocampus studied? (& hippocampus deficit)

A

studied to further understand synaptic connections (in rat brains)
deficit = memory

25
CA3 -> CA1 experiment
stimulate pathway one (CA3 -> CA1) pathway 1: stronger epsp post-tetanus pathway 2: same epsp post-tetanus therefore -> more stimulation = strengthens a pathway
26
long term potentiation
frequent use of one synapse strengthens the synapse long-term (this can have no affect on adjacent neurons OR it can have little affect on adjacent)
27
LTP: specitivity
only one synapse strengthened How? NMDA channels are opened only active synapses, confining LTP to these sites.
28
LTP: associativity
adjacent synapses strengthened as well How? strong neighbouring inputs depolarise & remove Mg2+ block
29
how does LTP occur?
depolarisation inside (state of LTP) = Ca2+ influx via NMDA receptors Ca2+ = production of more receptors via CAMKII & CKP = stronger synapse
30
NMDA receptors
internal depolarisation = more positive inside = repels Mg2+ away