Page 12 Flashcards
How does percent s-character affect an atom’s ability to accept electron density?
A: The higher the percent s-character, the more readily an atom can accept electron density.
Why do sp² carbons accept electron density better than sp³ carbons?
A: sp² carbons have more s-character (33%) compared to sp³ carbons (25%), which makes them more electronegative and better at accepting electron density.
How do sp³ carbons contribute to alkene stability?
A: sp³ carbons donate electron density through inductive effects, stabilizing the electron-deficient double bond.
What is the relationship between electron-donating groups and alkene stability?
A: Increasing the number of electron-donating groups (like alkyl groups) on the double bond increases alkene stability.
How does hybridization of the carbon atoms in the double bond affect alkene stability?
A: The sp² hybridization of double-bonded carbons increases stability due to their ability to accept electron density more effectively.
What role do alkyl groups play in alkene stability?
A: Alkyl groups stabilize alkenes by donating electron density via hyperconjugation and inductive effects.
Why is a tetrasubstituted alkene more stable than a monosubstituted alkene?
A: Tetrasubstituted alkenes have more alkyl groups that can donate electron density to stabilize the double bond.
How does the bond character of sp² carbons contribute to their ability to accept electron density?
A: The higher s-character of sp² carbons pulls electron density closer to the nucleus, making them more electron-deficient and capable of stabilizing additional electron density.
What is the significance of electron density donation in alkene stability?
A: Electron donation offsets the electron deficiency of the π bond, stabilizing the overall molecule.
What happens to alkene stability as more sp³ hybridized carbons are added to the double bond?
A: Alkene stability increases because sp³ hybridized carbons act as electron donors, enhancing stabilization.
