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MSRA > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Croup is caused by which pathogen?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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2
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus leads to which paediatric illness?

A

Bronchiolitis

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3
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Single dose dexamethasone
In emergency: high flow O2 & nebulised adrenaline

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4
Q

What investigation is important to screen for a potential complication of Kawasaki disease?

A

ECHO (due to risk of coronary artery aneurysm)

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5
Q

When is the heel prick test performed?

A

Between 5 to 9 days old

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6
Q

What is the management of cows milk protein intolerance?

A

If formula fed, switch to extensively hydrolysed formula
If breast fed, continue breast feeding and eliminate cows milk from maternal diet

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7
Q

What are the development milestones for a baby to: hold its head, sit, crawl and walk?

A

Rule of 3’s
3 month head support
6 month sit
9 month crawl
12 month walk

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Scarlet fever?

A

10 days Penicillin V

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of cyanosis congenital heart disease?

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Typically presents at 1-2 months

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10
Q

What are the 4 key features of tetralogy of Fallot?

A

VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta

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11
Q

Is transposition of the great arteries a cyanotic or acyanotic congenital heart defect?

A

Cyanotic

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12
Q

What dose of IM benzoyl penicillin is used for pre hospital management of suspected meningococcal septicaemia?

A

<1yr 300mg
1-10yr 600mg
>10yr 1200mg

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13
Q

Whooping cough is caused by which bacteria?

A

Bordtella pertussis

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14
Q

What is the treatment for whooping cough?

A

Notifiable disease
Oral macrolide is onset within 21 days (clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin)
Does not alter course of illness but reduces the spread

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15
Q

Which heart abnormality is Turners syndrome associated with?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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16
Q

What is androgen sensitivity syndrome?

A

X linked recessive
Genetically male child (46XY) with a female phenotype
(Will have amenorrhoea & undescended testes)

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17
Q

How does gastroschisis differ from exomphalos?

A

Examphalos (omphalocoele) is protrusion of abdominal contents through the umbilical ring, covered by a thin membrane

Gastroschisis is when abdominal contents slips out lateral to the umbilicus with no membrane covering

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18
Q

What is the difference between caput succedaneum and cephalohaematoma?

A

Both head swellings present in newborns
Caput succedaneum due to pressure during birth, present at birth crosses suture lines, resolves in ~48 hrs
Cephalohaematoma, doesn’t cross suture lines, takes months to resolve

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19
Q

Koplik spots are associated with what?

A

Measles, white spots in mouth

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20
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Congenital obstruction of the colon due to absence of ganglion cells, presents with failure to pass meconium within 24hrs of birth (& abdominal distension & bilious vomiting)

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21
Q

What is the gold standard investigation to diagnose Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Rectal biopsy

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22
Q

What is the next step to manage a child’s asthma not controlled with beclometasone and PRN salbutamol?

A

Aged 5-16
Add a leukotriene receptor antagonist eg monteleukast
(Whereas in adults next step is to add LABA)

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23
Q

Redcurrant jelly stool in children is characteristic of what condition?

A

Intussusception
(Small bowel telescopes into itself, USS shows target sign)

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24
Q

What is the treatment for intussusception?

A

Barium enema

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25
Q

What is the treatment for threadworms?

A

Treat whole household with single dose mebendazole

26
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

X linked recessive

27
Q

What is the recommended doses for paediatric IM benzylpenicillin if suspected meningitis?

A

<1y/o: 300mg
1-10y/o: 600mg
>10y/o: 1200mg

28
Q

Turner’s syndrome is due to which karyotype?

A

45XO

29
Q

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is most commonly caused by what bacteria?

A

Shiga toxin producing E Coli (STEC)

30
Q

What triad would haemolytic uraemic present with?

A

Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
AKI

31
Q

A baby with a patent ductus arteriosus will present with what type of murmur?

A

Continuous machine like murmur

(Bounding pulse and widened pulse pressure)

32
Q

What drug can be given to a baby with a patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Indomethacin or ibuprofen (inhibit prostaglandin synthesis to close the connection)

33
Q

What is the chromosomal abnormality in Turner’s syndrome?

A

45XO

34
Q

What are some features of Turners syndrome?

A

Short stature
Webbed neck
Widely spaced nipples
Bicuspid aortic valves
High arched palate
Primary amenorrhoea
Also increased rates of autoimmune disease

35
Q

What are some features of fragile X syndrome?

A

Learning difficulty
Long face and ears
Large testes

36
Q

Trisomy 18 is known as what syndrome?

A

Edward’s syndrome

37
Q

What are some features of Kawasaki disease?

A

Fever for >5 days
Oedema / desquamation of hands & feet
Strawberry tongue
Bilateral conjunctivitis
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Polymorphic rash

38
Q

Turners syndrome is associated with which heart defect?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve (ejection systolic murmur)

39
Q

The genetic defect 45XO is known as what syndrome?

A

Turner’s syndrome

40
Q

Congenital inguinal hernias are more common on which side?

A

Right side
Present due to a patent processus vaginalis
Need surgical repair due to risk of incarceration

41
Q

A child should be able to combine 2 words by what age?

A

2 years old

42
Q

Newborns in the UK are often vitamin K to protect against what?

A

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (due to vitamin K deficiency common in neonates, especially if breastfed)

43
Q

Which murmur is heard in patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Continuous machinery like murmur

44
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

X linked recessive

45
Q

What is the next step of asthma management if not controlled with SABA + ICS + LTRA in children?

A

If < 5 y/o: Stop the LTRA and refer to specialist
If 5-16y/o: Stop the LTRA and add LABA

(Whereas in adults the LTRA is continued)

46
Q

What is the treatment for Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Aka threadworms

Treat with mebendazole single dose, consider for all household

47
Q

Cystic fibrosis is due to a defect on which chromosome?

A

Chromosome 7

48
Q

What pathogen causes Scarlot fever?

A

Strep pyogenes

49
Q

What pathogen causes Roseola?

A

HHV6 or 7

50
Q

At what age should a child be able to sit without support?

A

7-8 months

Refer if not achieved by 12 months

51
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis in a children < 3 months old?

A

Cefotaxime plus amoxicillin (to cover for Listeria)

(If > 3 months then just cefotaxime or ceftriaxone)

52
Q

What is erythema infectiosum caused by?

A

Parvovirus B19 aka slapped cheek syndrome

53
Q

What is the typical CXR findings in transient tachypnoea of the newborn?

A

Hyper inflated lungs with fluid in the horizontal fissure

54
Q

What triad is seen in congenital rubella syndrome?

A

Deafness
Blindness
Congenital heart defects

55
Q

Which childhood rash classically occurs 1-2 weeks after a high febrile illness?

A

Roseola

(Caused by HHV6/7)

56
Q

Koplik spots of pathognomonic of which infection?

A

Measles

57
Q

A what age would you refer a child for being unable to walk unsupported?

A

18 months

58
Q

What is the classic electrolyte imbalance in pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

59
Q

A what age does a child smile?

A

6 weeks

60
Q

A what age does a child laugh?

A

3 months

61
Q

At what age can a child run?

A

2 years old

MSRA (15 decks)

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