Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Which diabetic medication should be avoided if cardiac impairment?

A

Pioglitazone is contraindicated as it causes fluid retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate what?

A

Hypocalcaemia
Chvostek = tap facial nerve and facial muscles contract
Trousseau = BP cuff will cause contract of muscles in hand & wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first management step in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Bolus with 0.9% NaCl over 1hr to fluid replete even before starting insulin sliding scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What rate should an insulin infusion be started at for DKA?

A

0.1 unit/kg/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the antidote for overdose of benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil (however only use if severe due to risk of seizures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which diabetic medication has a side effect of weight loss?

A

Exenatide (GLP1 agonist)
3rd line treatment and if BMI >35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does C peptide level differentiate between T1DM & T2DM?

A

T1: low or undetectable C peptide levels
T2: elevated levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is subacute (De Quervain’s) thyroiditis?

A

Hypothyroidism typically following viral infection
Self limiting
Classical presents with a tender goitre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What values of HbA1c / fasting glucose / random glucose can be used to diagnose diabetes?

A

HbA1c 48mmol or above
Fasting glucose 7mmol or above
Random (or 75g OGTT) glucose 11.1mmol or above

If asymptomatic needs to be demonstrated on 2 separate readings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which electrolyte abnormalities are associated with Addison’s disease?

A

HypoNa
HyperK
Hypoglycaemia
(Can have metabolic acidosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which investigation is used to diagnose Addison’s disease?

A

Short synacthen test
(Measures cortisol after synthetic ACTH is given)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For a patient with T2DM on metformin, which HbA1c reading would indicate a 2nd drug needs adding?

A

58mmol/mol (7.5%)

Unless CVD/ high risk of CVD then already add SGLT2 inhibitor eg empaglifozin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If a patient with Cushing’s syndrome had an overnight dexamethasone suppression test, what would the result show?

A

Cushing’s syndrome: High cortisol (not responded to dexamethasone suppression), low ACTH (doesn’t act on the adrenals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between Cushing’s syndrome and Cushing’s disease?

A

Syndrome: high levels of cortisol in the blood (eg exogenous glucocorticoid, adrenal adenoma, tumours)
Disease: Adenoma of anterior pituitary causing excess ACTH hence excess cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Conns syndrome?

A

Excess aldosterone secretion from the adrenals which suppresses renin activity causing HTN and hypoK

Most common cause of secondary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the HbA1c target for diabetics patients?

A

48mmol
Or if one more than one antidiabetic med/ one that has risk of hypo’s then 53mmol target

17
Q

What are some side effects of sulphonylureas?

A

Eg gliclazide

Hypoglycaemia
Weight gain
GI side effects
Allergic skin reaction

18
Q

Subacute thyroiditis presents with a tender goitre and what affect on thyroid function?

A

Hypothyroidism

19
Q

What is the calculation for osmolarity?

A

2Na + urea + glucose

20
Q

What are some adverse effects of pioglitazone?

A

Weight gain
Fluid retention (CI in HF)
Increased risk of bladder Ca
Liver impairment (monitor LFTs)

21
Q

What is the treatment of hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal hyperplasia?

A

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

Whereas adrenal adenoma would require surgical treatment

22
Q

How are the thyroid hormones affected in sick euthyroid syndrome?

A

All low

23
Q

Normal T4 but a high TSH level is indicative of what?

A

Sub clinical hypothyroidism

24
Q

How is the serum copper level affected in Wilson’s disease?

A

Serum copper and reduced caeruloplasmin (which carries copper)

Increased deposition within body tissues

25
Q

What is the first line treatment for Wilson’s disease?

A

Penicillamine (copper chelating agent)

26
Q

Which class of drug is gliclazide?

A

Supphonylurea

27
Q

What are some causes of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Exogenous steroid use
Pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease)
Adrenal adenoma/ carcinoma
Ectopic ACTH eg in small cell lung Ca (paraneoplastic syndrome)

28
Q

What are some examples of diabetes specific autoantibodies?

A

Islet cells antibodies ICA
Anti GAD antibodies
Insulin autoantibodies IAA

(Present in T1DM but no T2DM)

29
Q

What are some side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A
  • Increased UTIs and genital thrush due to lots of sugar excretion
  • Risk of euglycaemic ketoacidosis
30
Q

What are there diagnostic criteria for hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)?

A

Osmolarity >320
Blood glucose >30
pH >7.3 (not acidotic, bicarb >15)
Ketones <3 (not ketotic)

31
Q

What is the principal IV fluid to use in HHS?

A

IV 0.9% NaCl +- potassium

32
Q

What is the diagnostic triad for diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Ketones >3
pH <7.3
Blood glucose >11

MSRA (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions