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MSRA > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs can be used as prophylaxis and treatment for cluster headaches?

A

Verapamil prophylaxis
Sumatriptan & O2 for treatment

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2
Q

What drug is used as migraine prophylaxis?

A

Propranolol

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3
Q

What is Cushings triad?

A

Bradycardia
Irregular respirations
Hypertension
All indicate raised ICP

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4
Q

What are some causes of a unilateral facial nerve palsy?

A

Bell’s palsy
Parotid tumour
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Diabetes
MS
HIV
Stroke (UMN lesion, forehead sparing)

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5
Q

How does an UMN facial nerve lesion differ to a LMN lesion?

A

UMN lesion is forehead sparing
LMN lesion affects all facial muscles

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6
Q

How can a facial nerve palsy present?

A

“face, ear, taste, tear”
Affects muscles of facial expression
More sensitive to sound (nerve to stapedius)
Taste (anterior 2/3rd tongue)
Tear: parasympathetic fibres to lacrimal and salivary glands

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7
Q

Which type of brain injury classically presents with a lucid interval?

A

Epidural haemorrhage (rupture of MMA)

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8
Q

Which gastroenteritis organism is associated with Guillain Barre?

A

Campylobacter

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9
Q

What are cerebellar signs of a stroke?

A

DANISH
Dysdiadokokinesia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia

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10
Q

How do Wernicke’s and Broca’s aphasia differ?

A

Broca’s area is in the frontal lobe, to generate fluent speech
Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe to comprehend the speech (and then relay to Broca’s area)
Wernicke’s aphasia = fluent speech but no comprehension
Broca’s aphasia = comprehension normal but non fluent speech

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11
Q

What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

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12
Q

Stroke thrombolysis can be given within what time frame?

A

4.5hour on onset of symptoms

(CT head must be done to exclude haemorrhage)

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13
Q

Thrombectomy for ischaemic strokes can be offered within which time frame?

A

6 hours of symptoms onset

(Together with IV thrombolysis within 4.5hrs)

For anterior circulation strokes

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14
Q

Which antiepileptic is most associated with weight gain?

A

Sodium valproate

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15
Q

What is Brown Sequard syndrome?

A

Incomplete spinal cord lesion (usually following penetrating lesion) which causes ipsilateral loss of motor & proprioception, with contralateral loss of pain & temperature

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16
Q

EEG demonstrating 3Hz spike and wave pattern is characteristic of what?

A

Absence seizures

17
Q

What is the first line treatment for childhood absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

18
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Bell’s palsy?

A

10 days PO prednisone if presents within 72 hours
Evidence suggests no role for antivirals

19
Q

What is the first line treatment for generalised tonic clinic seizures?

A

Sodium valproate
(Lamotrigine is pre menopausal female)

20
Q

Cape like distribution loss of pain and temperature sensation is characteristic of what?

A

Syringomyelia

21
Q

Which drug is first line in myaesthenia gravis?

A

Pyridostigmine
(Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

22
Q

What advice re driving must be given to patients who have had their first seizure?

A

Must inform DVLA
Cannot drive for 6 months

23
Q

A head injury with a lucid interval is most likely to indicate which type of brain injury?

A

Extradural haematoma

24
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia is due to a lesion in which lobe of the brain?

A

Temporal lobe

25
Q

Ropinorole and bromoceiptine are examples of which type of drug?

A

Dopamine agonists

26
Q

What are some side effects of dopamine agonists?

A

Hallucinations
Impulse control disorders
Excessive sleepiness

27
Q

When can a patient with new AF start anticoagulation after an ischaemic stroke?

A

2 weeks after the stroke

28
Q

Which antiepileptic drug is associated with weight gain?

A

Sodium valproate

MSRA (15 decks)

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