Neuro Flashcards
What drugs can be used as prophylaxis and treatment for cluster headaches?
Verapamil prophylaxis
Sumatriptan & O2 for treatment
What drug is used as migraine prophylaxis?
Propranolol
What is Cushings triad?
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations
Hypertension
All indicate raised ICP
What are some causes of a unilateral facial nerve palsy?
Bell’s palsy
Parotid tumour
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Diabetes
MS
HIV
Stroke (UMN lesion, forehead sparing)
How does an UMN facial nerve lesion differ to a LMN lesion?
UMN lesion is forehead sparing
LMN lesion affects all facial muscles
How can a facial nerve palsy present?
“face, ear, taste, tear”
Affects muscles of facial expression
More sensitive to sound (nerve to stapedius)
Taste (anterior 2/3rd tongue)
Tear: parasympathetic fibres to lacrimal and salivary glands
Which type of brain injury classically presents with a lucid interval?
Epidural haemorrhage (rupture of MMA)
Which gastroenteritis organism is associated with Guillain Barre?
Campylobacter
What are cerebellar signs of a stroke?
DANISH
Dysdiadokokinesia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia
How do Wernicke’s and Broca’s aphasia differ?
Broca’s area is in the frontal lobe, to generate fluent speech
Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe to comprehend the speech (and then relay to Broca’s area)
Wernicke’s aphasia = fluent speech but no comprehension
Broca’s aphasia = comprehension normal but non fluent speech
What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine
Stroke thrombolysis can be given within what time frame?
4.5hour on onset of symptoms
(CT head must be done to exclude haemorrhage)
Thrombectomy for ischaemic strokes can be offered within which time frame?
6 hours of symptoms onset
(Together with IV thrombolysis within 4.5hrs)
For anterior circulation strokes
Which antiepileptic is most associated with weight gain?
Sodium valproate
What is Brown Sequard syndrome?
Incomplete spinal cord lesion (usually following penetrating lesion) which causes ipsilateral loss of motor & proprioception, with contralateral loss of pain & temperature
EEG demonstrating 3Hz spike and wave pattern is characteristic of what?
Absence seizures
What is the first line treatment for childhood absence seizures?
Ethosuximide
What is the recommended treatment for Bell’s palsy?
10 days PO prednisone if presents within 72 hours
Evidence suggests no role for antivirals
What is the first line treatment for generalised tonic clinic seizures?
Sodium valproate
(Lamotrigine is pre menopausal female)
Cape like distribution loss of pain and temperature sensation is characteristic of what?
Syringomyelia
Which drug is first line in myaesthenia gravis?
Pyridostigmine
(Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)
What advice re driving must be given to patients who have had their first seizure?
Must inform DVLA
Cannot drive for 6 months
A head injury with a lucid interval is most likely to indicate which type of brain injury?
Extradural haematoma
Wernicke’s aphasia is due to a lesion in which lobe of the brain?
Temporal lobe
