Haem Flashcards
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Von Willebrand’s disease
Autosomal dominant inheritance, reduce platelet adhesion so more bleeding after mild injury
What happens to platelet level in von Willebrands disease?
Stays the same
Reduced adhesion of platelets to form platelet plug hence more bleeding, but number of platelets stay the same
Presence of Reed Steenberg cells on a blood film is indicative of which condition?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What a B symptoms?
Fever, weight loss, night sweats
(associated with a poor prognosis for lymphoma)
How does multiple myeloma present?
CRAB
HyperCa due to increased osteoclast activity
Renal damage (light chain deposits in renal tubules)
Anaemia (bone marrow crowding suppresses erythropoiesis)
Bony pain (increased osteoclast activity -> lytic bone lesions)
What is von Willebrands disease treated with?
Desmopressin (increases release of von Willebrand factor)
What is ITP (immune thrombocytopenic purpura)?
Immune mediated drop in platelets often following infection (presents with bleeding, bruising)
Treated with oral steroids
Philadelphia chromosome is associated with which malignancy?
CML
What is the inheritance pattern of sickle cell anaemia?
Autosomal recessive
Hypothyroidism can present with which type of anaemia?
Macrocytic
Which clotting factors are deficient in Haemophilia A and B?
Haemophilia A = factor 8 deficiency
Haemophilia B = factor 9 deficiency aka Christmas disease
Schistocytes on a blood film are indicative of what?
Haemolytic anaemia
(They are fragmented RBCs seen in HUS, ITP, DIC)
Anticogaulation for AF should be considered for CHADs-VASc scores of what?
Males with score >1
Females with score >2
What findings on a blood film could be seen in multiple myeloma?
Rouleux formation (stacks of RBCs)
What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Protamine sulphate
Which blood product is at most risk of bacterial contamination?
Platelets (as they are stored at room temperature)
Normocytic anaemia with Heinz bodies on a blood film is characteristic of what?
G6PD deficiency
What is the inheritance pattern of G6PD deficiency?
X-linked recessive
What is the inheritance pattern of haemophilia’s?
X linked recessive
What parameter is affected in coagulation screen in patients with haemophilia?
Prolonged APTT
Rest is normal
What type of anaemia is seen in thalassaemia?
Microcytic anaemia
What is the most common type of sickle cell crisis?
Vaso-occlusive crisis
(Triggered by infection/ dehydration/ altitude, sickled cells block capillaries and cause distal ischaemia)
What commonly causes a sickle cell aplastic crisis?
Parvovirus B19 infection
(Causes fall in Hb and aplastic anaemia, supportive management as should self resolve in 1 wk)
How does an aplastic sickle cell crisis affect reticulocyte count?
Reduces (due to bone marrow suppression)
Whereas sequestration crisis increases reticulocyte number
