Paediatrics Flashcards
Treatment of scarlet fever
Penicillin V for 10 days
What organism causes roseala infantum (sixth disease)
HHV 6
What organism causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease/slapped cheek syndrome)
Parvovirus B19
What organis causes hand foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackie A16
School exclusion for scarlet fever
24 hours after starting antibiotics
School exclusion for whooping cough
2 days after commencing antibiotics (or 21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics )
School exclusion for measles
4 days from the onset of the rash
School exclusion for rubella
5 days from onset of the rash
School exclusion for chickenpox
All lesions crusted over
School exclusion for mumps
5 days from onset of swollen glands
Which swelling (caput succedaneum or cephalohaematoma) crosses suture lines?
Caput succadeneum
When is the guthrie test performed?
Day 5 - 9
Causes of acyanotic heart disease
ventricular septal defects (VSD) - most common, accounts for 30%
atrial septal defect (ASD)
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
coarctation of the aorta
aortic valve stenosis
Causes of cyanotic heart defects
tetralogy of Fallot
transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
tricuspid atresia
When does hand preference develop
12 months
Diagnostic test for vesicoureteric reflux
Micturating cyctourethrogram
Treatment for hypospadius
Corrective surgery around 12 months of age. Child must not be circumcised before the procedure as the foreskin is required for the surgery
CXR of transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Hyperinflation of the lungs and fluid in the horizontal fissure
Most common cause of primary headache in children
Migraine
Blood gas in pyloric stenosis
Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis
Most common cardiac abnormality in down syndrome
AVSD
Complications of measles
otitis media: the most common complication
pneumonia: the most common cause of death
encephalitis: typically occurs 1-2 weeks following the onset of the illness)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: very rare, may present 5-10 years following the illness
febrile convulsions
keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulceration
diarrhoea
increased incidence of appendicitis
myocarditis
What are the four compnenets of tetralogy of fallot?
VSD
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (Pulmonary stenosis)
Overiding aorta
When do patients with tetralogy of fallot tend to present?
1 - 2 months
When are pregnant women offered the pertussis vaccine
Between 16 and 32 weeks
Triad of findings on CT head of a shaken baby
Retinal haemorrhages
Subdural haematoma
Encephalopathy
What is bartters syndrome?
Inherited condition causing severe hypokalaemia due to defective asorption at the NA K 2Cl co transporter in the ascending loop of henle.
Hypokalaemia, normotension
Causes of hypertension in children
Reneal parenchymal disease (Accounts for up to 80%)
Renal vascular disease
Coarctation of the aorta
Phaeochromocytoma
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Characteristics of an innocent murmur
Varies with posture
No radiation
Systolic
No thrill
No added sounds
Asymptomatic
What is the difference between gastroschisis and expomphalos
Gastroschisis - Stand alone bowel condition where the bowels are exposed outside the body
Exomphalos - Abdominal contents protrude but are covered by the amniotic sac. Associated with beckwith wiedmann syndrome, downs syndrome and cardiac/kidney malformation
Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)
Microcephalic, small eyes
Cleft lip/palate
Polydactyly
Scalp lesions
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
Micrognathia
Low-set ears
Rocker bottom feet
Overlapping of fingers
Cri du chat syndrome (chromosone 5p deletion syndrome)
Characteristic cry (hence the name) due to larynx and neurological problems
Feeding difficulties and poor weight gain
Learning difficulties
Microcephaly and micrognathism
Hypertelorism
