Opthalmology Flashcards
Argyll Roberston pupil
Bilaterally small pupils that accomodate but don’t react (Causes incldue neurosyphillis and diabetes)
Marcus gunn pupil
RAPD - seen during swinging light examination of a pupil response
Treatment of anterior uveitis
Urgent review by opthalmology
Cycloplegics (dilating drops) eg atropine, cyclopentolate
Steroid eye drops
Which is more painful - episcleritis or scleritis?
Scleritis
What is the role pf phenylephrine drops in differentiating episcleritis and scleritis?
Blanches the conjuntival and episcleral vessels but not the scleral vessels. If the redness improves after phenylephrine then it is episcleritis
Treatment of episcleritis
Conservative
Atrificial tears
Initial Management of acute closed angle gluacoma
Eye drops
Pilocarpine (direct parasympathomimetic)
Beta blocker eg timolol
Alpha 2 agonist eg apracolinidine
IV acetazolamide
Definitive managment of acute closed angle gluacoma
Laser peripheral irodotomy
Management of optic neuritis
High dose steroids
Horners syndrome
Ptosis (drooping eyelid)
Miosis (Constricted pupil)
Anhidrosis (lack of sweating)
On the affected side
What are cotton wool spots
Areas of retinal infarction seen in pre proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Management of scleritis
Oral NSAIDS
Oral steroid
Holmes adie pupil
Benign condition causing the pupil ro remain small for an abnormally long time once it has constricted.
SLow reaction to accomodation and poor reaction to light
Unilateral in 80% of cases
severe eye pain, inability to wear contact lenses, corneal haziness, and reduced visual acuity.
Hypopyon (accumulation of white blood cells in the anterior chamber) commonly seen
keratitis
Causes of keratitis
Bacterial (usually staph aureua but also pseudomonas in contact lens wearers)
Fungal
Amoebic
Parasitis
Managment of keratitis
Topical antibiotics (quinolines eg levofloxaxin)
cycloplegic (eg cyclopentolate) for pain relief . These cause pupil dilation
What is the pupil like in acute closed angle gluacoma
Semi dilated
What is the pupil like in anterior uveitis
Small fixed oval pupil
Treatment of opthalmic shingles
Oral aciclovir
(Topical aciclovir not given)
Treatment for dendritic ulcer
Topical aciclovir
What condition do you see drusen in?
Dry ARMD
What may help show the progression of dry ARMD?
Zine and anti oxidant vitamins A, C and E
Treatment of wet ARMD
anti VGEF injections (ranibizumab) administered by 4 weekly injection
painful red eye with photophobia, blurred vision and reduced visual acuity. The affected pupil is often small and there may be pus in the anterior chamber (a hypopyon) on examination.
Anterior uveitis
Most common ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome
