Haeamatology Flashcards
What is the most common cause of thrombophilia?
Factor V Leiden (Activated protein C resistance)
What is the second most common cause of thrombophillia?
Prothrombin gene mutation
Reed strenberg cells
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Heinz bodies
G6PD Deficiency
Rouleaux formation
Myeloma
Howell jolly bodies
Hyposplenia
Schistocyes
Haemolytic anaemia
Types of sickle cell crisis
Thrombotic
Acute chest syndrome
Anaemia (aplastic or sequestrian)
Infection
Cause of aplastic crisis in sickle cell
Infection with parvovirus
Management of sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea (Increased the HbF levels and reduced painful episodes)
Pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years
Prophylactic penicillin
Chemotherapy regime in hodgkins lymphoma
ABVD (Docurubicin, Belomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine) or
BEACOPP (Belomycin, etoposide, docurubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristinem procarbazine and prednisone)
Mutation in polycythaemia rubra vera
JAK2
Haemophillia A
Factor VIII
haemophillia B
Factor IX
Tear drop poikilocytes
Thalassamia, megaloblastic anaemia and myelofibrosis
Lab findings in myelofibrosis
Anaemia
High WBC and platelet count
Tear drop poikilocytes
Dry tap on bone marro wbiopsy - trephine biopsy needed
High urate and LDH
Auer rods
Acute promyelocitic leukemia (APML)
Treatment for polycythaemia vera
venesection to reduce the haemaglobin levels. Initially done every week and then once stable is done every 6 - 12 weeks.
Blood results in tumour lysis syndrome
High potassium
High phosphate
Low calcium
Prophylaxis for tumour lysis syndrome
Allopurinol or rasburicase
Blood results in DIC
Low platelts
Low fibrinogen
Increased PT and APTT
Increased fibrinogen degradation products
Do you replace B12 or folate first
B12
First line treatment for CML
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imantinib) ansplant
Allogenic stem cell transplant
What is the philadephia chromosone and what does it signify
Translocation between the long arm of chromosone 9 and 22. BCR ABLE Present in 95% of patients with CML
Inheritence of sickle cell anaemia
Autosomal recessive
How is a definitive diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia made?
Haemoglobin electrophoresis
Managment of beta thalassaemia major
Blood transfusions
(Also need desferrioxamine to stop iron overload)
Smear cells
chronic lymphovytic leukemia
Main toxic affect of bleomycin
Lung fibrosis
Toxic effects of cyclophosphamide
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosupression
Transitional cell carcinoma
Toxic effects of anthracyclines (eg doxurubicin)
Cardiomyopathy
Toxic effetcs of vincristine
Peripheral neuropathy
Toxic effects of cisplatin
Nephrotoxicity, Otooxicity, peripheral neuropathy
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
Von Willebrands disease
Management of ITP
Oral prednislone
What is in cryoprecipitate?
Factor VIII, fibrinogen, von willebrand factor and factor XIII
Signs of an aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
Sudden fall in Hb
Bone marrow supression causes a reduced reticulocyte count
What is BRCA2 mutation associated with in men
Prostate cancer
What is the major crieria is deciding whther cryoprecipiate is given in bleeding
Fibrinogen level (if low can be given)
What is felty syndrome?
Triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia
How does CLL commonly present?
Asymptomatic lymphadenopathy or lymphocytosis on a routine blood test
Blood film of CLL
Smudge cells
Auer rods
AML - specifically pomyelocytic leukemia
Treatment for CLL
Observation if asymptomatic or early stage disease
Chemotherapy for patients with active symptomatic disease
Bone marrow biopsy of ALL
20% or more lymphoblasts
Symptoms of a non haemolytic febrile reaction
Fever/chills
