Haeamatology

Question 1

What is the most common cause of thrombophilia?

Answer 1

Factor V Leiden (Activated protein C resistance)

Question 2

What is the second most common cause of thrombophillia?

Answer 2

Prothrombin gene mutation

Question 3

Reed strenberg cells

Answer 3

Hodgkins Lymphoma

Question 4

Heinz bodies

Answer 4

G6PD Deficiency

Question 5

Rouleaux formation

Answer 5

Myeloma

Question 6

Howell jolly bodies

Answer 6

Hyposplenia

Question 7

Schistocyes

Answer 7

Haemolytic anaemia

Question 8

Types of sickle cell crisis

Answer 8

Thrombotic
Acute chest syndrome
Anaemia (aplastic or sequestrian)
Infection

Question 9

Cause of aplastic crisis in sickle cell

Answer 9

Infection with parvovirus

Question 10

Management of sickle cell disease

Answer 10

Hydroxyurea (Increased the HbF levels and reduced painful episodes)
Pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years
Prophylactic penicillin

Question 11

Chemotherapy regime in hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 11

ABVD (Docurubicin, Belomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine) or
BEACOPP (Belomycin, etoposide, docurubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristinem procarbazine and prednisone)

Question 12

Mutation in polycythaemia rubra vera

Answer 12

JAK2

Question 13

Haemophillia A

Answer 13

Factor VIII

Question 14

haemophillia B

Answer 14

Factor IX

Question 15

Tear drop poikilocytes

Answer 15

Thalassamia, megaloblastic anaemia and myelofibrosis

Question 16

Lab findings in myelofibrosis

Answer 16

Anaemia
High WBC and platelet count
Tear drop poikilocytes
Dry tap on bone marro wbiopsy - trephine biopsy needed
High urate and LDH

Question 17

Auer rods

Answer 17

Acute promyelocitic leukemia (APML)

Question 18

Treatment for polycythaemia vera

Answer 18

venesection to reduce the haemaglobin levels. Initially done every week and then once stable is done every 6 - 12 weeks.

Question 19

Blood results in tumour lysis syndrome

Answer 19

High potassium
High phosphate
Low calcium

Question 20

Prophylaxis for tumour lysis syndrome

Answer 20

Allopurinol or rasburicase

Question 21

Blood results in DIC

Answer 21

Low platelts
Low fibrinogen
Increased PT and APTT
Increased fibrinogen degradation products

Question 22

Do you replace B12 or folate first

Answer 22

B12

Question 23

First line treatment for CML

Answer 23

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imantinib) ansplant
Allogenic stem cell transplant

Question 24

What is the philadephia chromosone and what does it signify

Answer 24

Translocation between the long arm of chromosone 9 and 22. BCR ABLE Present in 95% of patients with CML

Question 25

Inheritence of sickle cell anaemia

Answer 25

Autosomal recessive

Question 26

How is a definitive diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia made?

Answer 26

Haemoglobin electrophoresis

Question 27

Managment of beta thalassaemia major

Answer 27

Blood transfusions (Also need desferrioxamine to stop iron overload)

Question 28

Smear cells

Answer 28

chronic lymphovytic leukemia

Question 29

Main toxic affect of bleomycin

Answer 29

Lung fibrosis

Question 30

Toxic effects of cyclophosphamide

Answer 30

Haemorrhagic cystitis Myelosupression Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 31

Toxic effects of anthracyclines (eg doxurubicin)

Answer 31

Cardiomyopathy

Question 32

Toxic effetcs of vincristine

Answer 32

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 33

Toxic effects of cisplatin

Answer 33

Nephrotoxicity, Otooxicity, peripheral neuropathy

Question 34

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

Answer 34

Von Willebrands disease

Question 35

Management of ITP

Answer 35

Oral prednislone

Question 36

What is in cryoprecipitate?

Answer 36

Factor VIII, fibrinogen, von willebrand factor and factor XIII

Question 37

Signs of an aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease

Answer 37

Sudden fall in Hb Bone marrow supression causes a reduced reticulocyte count

Question 38

What is BRCA2 mutation associated with in men

Answer 38

Prostate cancer

Question 39

What is the major crieria is deciding whther cryoprecipiate is given in bleeding

Answer 39

Fibrinogen level (if low can be given)

Question 40

What is felty syndrome?

Answer 40

Triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia

Question 41

How does CLL commonly present?

Answer 41

Asymptomatic lymphadenopathy or lymphocytosis on a routine blood test

Question 42

Blood film of CLL

Answer 42

Smudge cells

Question 43

Auer rods

Answer 43

AML - specifically pomyelocytic leukemia

Question 44

Treatment for CLL

Answer 44

Observation if asymptomatic or early stage disease Chemotherapy for patients with active symptomatic disease

Question 45

Bone marrow biopsy of ALL

Answer 45

20% or more lymphoblasts

Question 46

Symptoms of a non haemolytic febrile reaction

Answer 46

Fever/chills