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MSRA > Haeamatology > Flashcards

Haeamatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of thrombophilia?

A

Factor V Leiden (Activated protein C resistance)

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2
Q

What is the second most common cause of thrombophillia?

A

Prothrombin gene mutation

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3
Q

Reed strenberg cells

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

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4
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6PD Deficiency

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5
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

Myeloma

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6
Q

Howell jolly bodies

A

Hyposplenia

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7
Q

Schistocyes

A

Haemolytic anaemia

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8
Q

Types of sickle cell crisis

A

Thrombotic
Acute chest syndrome
Anaemia (aplastic or sequestrian)
Infection

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9
Q

Cause of aplastic crisis in sickle cell

A

Infection with parvovirus

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10
Q

Management of sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (Increased the HbF levels and reduced painful episodes)
Pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years
Prophylactic penicillin

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11
Q

Chemotherapy regime in hodgkins lymphoma

A

ABVD (Docurubicin, Belomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine) or
BEACOPP (Belomycin, etoposide, docurubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristinem procarbazine and prednisone)

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12
Q

Mutation in polycythaemia rubra vera

A

JAK2

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13
Q

Haemophillia A

A

Factor VIII

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14
Q

haemophillia B

A

Factor IX

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15
Q

Tear drop poikilocytes

A

Thalassamia, megaloblastic anaemia and myelofibrosis

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16
Q

Lab findings in myelofibrosis

A

Anaemia
High WBC and platelet count
Tear drop poikilocytes
Dry tap on bone marro wbiopsy - trephine biopsy needed
High urate and LDH

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17
Q

Auer rods

A

Acute promyelocitic leukemia (APML)

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18
Q

Treatment for polycythaemia vera

A

venesection to reduce the haemaglobin levels. Initially done every week and then once stable is done every 6 - 12 weeks.

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19
Q

Blood results in tumour lysis syndrome

A

High potassium
High phosphate
Low calcium

20
Q

Prophylaxis for tumour lysis syndrome

A

Allopurinol or rasburicase

21
Q

Blood results in DIC

A

Low platelts
Low fibrinogen
Increased PT and APTT
Increased fibrinogen degradation products

22
Q

Do you replace B12 or folate first

A

B12

23
Q

First line treatment for CML

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imantinib) ansplant
Allogenic stem cell transplant

24
Q

What is the philadephia chromosone and what does it signify

A

Translocation between the long arm of chromosone 9 and 22. BCR ABLE Present in 95% of patients with CML

25
Q

Inheritence of sickle cell anaemia

A

Autosomal recessive

26
Q

How is a definitive diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia made?

A

Haemoglobin electrophoresis

27
Q

Managment of beta thalassaemia major

A

Blood transfusions
(Also need desferrioxamine to stop iron overload)

28
Q

Smear cells

A

chronic lymphovytic leukemia

29
Q

Main toxic affect of bleomycin

A

Lung fibrosis

30
Q

Toxic effects of cyclophosphamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosupression
Transitional cell carcinoma

31
Q

Toxic effects of anthracyclines (eg doxurubicin)

A

Cardiomyopathy

32
Q

Toxic effetcs of vincristine

A

Peripheral neuropathy

33
Q

Toxic effects of cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity, Otooxicity, peripheral neuropathy

34
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrands disease

35
Q

Management of ITP

A

Oral prednislone

36
Q

What is in cryoprecipitate?

A

Factor VIII, fibrinogen, von willebrand factor and factor XIII

37
Q

Signs of an aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease

A

Sudden fall in Hb
Bone marrow supression causes a reduced reticulocyte count

38
Q

What is BRCA2 mutation associated with in men

A

Prostate cancer

39
Q

What is the major crieria is deciding whther cryoprecipiate is given in bleeding

A

Fibrinogen level (if low can be given)

40
Q

What is felty syndrome?

A

Triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia

41
Q

How does CLL commonly present?

A

Asymptomatic lymphadenopathy or lymphocytosis on a routine blood test

42
Q

Blood film of CLL

A

Smudge cells

43
Q

Auer rods

A

AML - specifically pomyelocytic leukemia

44
Q

Treatment for CLL

A

Observation if asymptomatic or early stage disease
Chemotherapy for patients with active symptomatic disease

45
Q

Bone marrow biopsy of ALL

A

20% or more lymphoblasts

46
Q

Symptoms of a non haemolytic febrile reaction

A

Fever/chills

47
Q
A

MSRA (23 decks)

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