Orthopaedics Flashcards
Management of buckle fracture?
Typically self limiting - splinting and immobilization
What movement causes the pain in lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
Pain worse on wrist extension against resistance with the elbow extended or supination of the forearm with the elbow extended
Definition of osteoporosis
Bone mineral density of less than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean density
What areas of the body does the DEXA scan look at?
Hip and lumbar spine
What does the FRAX or QFracture Score assess?
The 10 year risk of a patient developing a fragility fracture
Blood test results in osteoporisis
Normal
Management of osteoporosis
Calcium + Vitamin D supplements
Oral Bisphosphonates are first line
Denosumab is second line
What movement is most affected when patients have a frozen shoulder?
External rotation
What is the most common reason for total hip replacement revision?
Aseptic loosening
What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome
Median
Describe the examination findings in carpal tunnel syndrome
Weakness of thumb abduction
Wasting of the thenar eminence
Tinnels sign (tapping causes paraesthesia)
Phalens sign (flexion of the wrist causes symptoms)
X Ray changes in rheumatoid arthirits
Loss of joint space
Juxta articular osteoporosis
Soft tissue swelling
Periarticular erosions
Subluxation
X ray appearance of psoriatic arthritis
Periostitis
Erosive changes and new bone formation
Pencil in cup appearance
X Ray findings in osteosarcoma
Codman triangle (a triangluar area of new subperiosteal bone) with an associated sunburst appearance
What is the most common primary malignant bone tumour
Osteosarcoma
Conditions associated with ankolysing spondylitis
Apical fibrosis
Anterior uveitis
Aortic regurgitation
Achilled tendonitis
AV node block
Amyloidosis
Antobodies assictaed with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Anti centromere antibodies
Symptoms of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Raynauds
Scleroderma affecting face and distal limbs predominately
CREST syndrome - Calcinosis, Raynauds, Oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and talangiectasia
Antibodies associated with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
ANti SCL 70
Most common cause of death in cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Respiratory involvement (ILD and pulmonary hypertension)
Compression of what nerve causes cubital tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve
Clinical examination findings in ankolysiing sponydlitis
Reduced lateral flexion
Reduced forward flexion (schobers test)
Reduced chest expansion
HLA type associated with ankolysisng spondylitis
HLA B27
What blood needs o be regularaly checked when patients are taking methotrexate? What is the monitoring schedule
FBC, U & E, LFTs before starting treatment and then weekly unil therapy stabilised.