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Chem 102 > Packet #9 and #10 > Flashcards

Packet #9 and #10 Flashcards

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1
Q

ending for aldehydes

A

-al

(Example: Propanal, Butanal. . .)

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2
Q

Arrange boiling point for aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols

A

Lowest to highest:

  • Alkanes
  • Aldehydes
  • Alcohols
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3
Q

Types of forces in aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols

A

Alkanes: Dispersion

Aldehydes: Dispersion & Dipole

Alcohols: Dispersion, Dipole & Hydrogen Bonding

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4
Q

What happens to boiling point in alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohols as molecular mass increases

A

Boiling point increases as molecular force increases

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5
Q

Alcohols, Alkanes, Aldehydes: Which is most soluble in water?

A

Alcohols

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6
Q

What happens to water solubility as the number of carbon atoms increases in alkanes, aldehydes and alcohols?

A

Water solubility decreases

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7
Q

1 carbon aldehyde

A

formaldehyde

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8
Q

1 carbon carboxylic acid

A

formic acid

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9
Q

Which functional groups have dipole forces?

A

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Amines

Ketones

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10
Q

What is common name for propanone? How many carbons does it contain?

A

Acetone

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11
Q

What ending do you use for ketones?

A

-one

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12
Q

What does it mean if something is a primary amine? Secondary amine? Tertiary amine?

A

Primary amine has one thing other than a hydrogen directly bonded to the nitrogen. Secondary has two things bonded to the nitrogen. Tertiary - three things.

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13
Q

What is miscible mean?

A

Mixible; infinitely soluble; soluble in all proportions.

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14
Q

How do amines react with water?

A

They create an ion (with ending -ium) and a hydroxide ion.

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15
Q

How do amines react with an acid?

A

Amines are bases so they can react with acids as an acid-base neutralization. Creates a cation and an anion as product.

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16
Q

What are products when methylamine reacts with water?

A
  • methylammonium ion (H3—NH3+)
  • hydroxide ion (OH-)
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17
Q

What are products whem ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid?

A
  • Ammonium ion (NH4+)
  • Chloride ion (Cl-)
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18
Q

Which group is more soluble - amines or alcohols?

A

amines

19
Q

What is the definition of a primary alcohol? Secondary alcohol? Tertiary alcohol?

A

Primary alcohol: 1 other carbon attached to the carbon next to the hydroxyl group

Secondary alcohol: 2 other carbons attached to the carbon next to the hydroxyl group

Tertiary alcohol: 3 other carbons attached to the carbon next to the hydroxyl group

20
Q

What does the number mean in the names, 1-propanol and 2-pentanol?

A

The number indicates the carbon that has the alcohol group attached to it.

21
Q

What are the general properties of ethers?

A
  • highly volatile
  • highly flammable
  • light sensitive
  • form peroxides (dangerous)
22
Q

How do you synthesize ketones from a secondary alcohol?

A
    1. Secondary alcohol
    1. Add Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) (strong oxidizing agent)
  • AND Sulfuric Acid
  • then becomes a ketone
23
Q

What are the steps for the synthesis of aldehydes (hydroformylation)?

A
  • Start with a alkene
  • Also have CO and H2 reactants
  • Use a Rh based catalyst
  • Creates an aldehyde with 1 more carbon than the alkene you started with
24
Q

How do you convert an aldehyde to a primary alcohols?

A
  • Can hydrogentate to convert to primary alcohol.
  • Start wth an aldehyde
  • H2 also a reactant
  • Use Pt as a catalyst.
  • Get a primary alcohol as the product
25
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A reaction in which a bond or bonds are broken and the H– and –OH of water add to the atoms of the broken bonds or bonds.

26
Q

What is reaction of an aldehyde when catalyzed with an oxidizing agent?

A

You get a carboxylic acid

27
Q

What is reaction of a ketone when treated with an oxidizing agent?

A

No reaction happens

28
Q

Reduction of an aldehyde

A

Produces a primary alcohol

29
Q

Reduction of a ketone

A

Produces a secondary alcohol

30
Q

Aniline

A

Hexane ring with 3 alternate double bonds with an –NH2 group attached

31
Q

-al

(Example: Propanal, Butanal. . .)

A

ending for aldehydes

32
Q

Lowest to highest:

  • Alkanes
  • Aldehydes
  • Alcohols
A

Arrange boiling point for aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols

33
Q

Alkanes: Dispersion

Aldehydes: Dispersion & Dipole

Alcohols: Dispersion, Dipole & Hydrogen Bonding

A

Types of forces in aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols

34
Q

Boiling point increases as molecular force increases

A

What happens to boiling point in alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohols as molecular mass increases

35
Q

Water solubility decreases

A

What happens to water solubility as the number of carbon atoms increases in alkanes, aldehydes and alcohols?

36
Q

formaldehyde

A

1 carbon aldehyde

37
Q

formic acid

A

1 carbon carboxylic acid

38
Q

Acetone

A

What is common name for propanone? How many carbons does it contain?

39
Q

-one

A

What ending do you use for ketones?

40
Q

Mixible; infinitely soluble; soluble in all proportions.

A

What is miscible mean?

41
Q

A reaction in which a bond or bonds are broken and the H– and –OH of water add to the atoms of the broken bonds or bonds.

A

Hydrolysis

42
Q

No reaction happens

A

What is reaction of a ketone when treated with an oxidizing agent?

43
Q

Hexane ring with 3 alternate double bonds with an –NH2 group attached

A

Aniline

Chem 102 (15 decks)

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