Packet #9 and #10 Flashcards
ending for aldehydes
-al
(Example: Propanal, Butanal. . .)
Arrange boiling point for aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols
Lowest to highest:
- Alkanes
- Aldehydes
- Alcohols
Types of forces in aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols
Alkanes: Dispersion
Aldehydes: Dispersion & Dipole
Alcohols: Dispersion, Dipole & Hydrogen Bonding
What happens to boiling point in alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohols as molecular mass increases
Boiling point increases as molecular force increases
Alcohols, Alkanes, Aldehydes: Which is most soluble in water?
Alcohols
What happens to water solubility as the number of carbon atoms increases in alkanes, aldehydes and alcohols?
Water solubility decreases
1 carbon aldehyde
formaldehyde
1 carbon carboxylic acid
formic acid
Which functional groups have dipole forces?
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Amines
Ketones
What is common name for propanone? How many carbons does it contain?
Acetone
What ending do you use for ketones?
-one
What does it mean if something is a primary amine? Secondary amine? Tertiary amine?
Primary amine has one thing other than a hydrogen directly bonded to the nitrogen. Secondary has two things bonded to the nitrogen. Tertiary - three things.
What is miscible mean?
Mixible; infinitely soluble; soluble in all proportions.
How do amines react with water?
They create an ion (with ending -ium) and a hydroxide ion.
How do amines react with an acid?
Amines are bases so they can react with acids as an acid-base neutralization. Creates a cation and an anion as product.
What are products when methylamine reacts with water?
- methylammonium ion (H3—NH3+)
- hydroxide ion (OH-)
What are products whem ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid?
- Ammonium ion (NH4+)
- Chloride ion (Cl-)
Which group is more soluble - amines or alcohols?
amines
What is the definition of a primary alcohol? Secondary alcohol? Tertiary alcohol?
Primary alcohol: 1 other carbon attached to the carbon next to the hydroxyl group
Secondary alcohol: 2 other carbons attached to the carbon next to the hydroxyl group
Tertiary alcohol: 3 other carbons attached to the carbon next to the hydroxyl group
What does the number mean in the names, 1-propanol and 2-pentanol?
The number indicates the carbon that has the alcohol group attached to it.
What are the general properties of ethers?
- highly volatile
- highly flammable
- light sensitive
- form peroxides (dangerous)
How do you synthesize ketones from a secondary alcohol?
- Secondary alcohol
- Add Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) (strong oxidizing agent)
- AND Sulfuric Acid
- then becomes a ketone
What are the steps for the synthesis of aldehydes (hydroformylation)?
- Start with a alkene
- Also have CO and H2 reactants
- Use a Rh based catalyst
- Creates an aldehyde with 1 more carbon than the alkene you started with
How do you convert an aldehyde to a primary alcohols?
- Can hydrogentate to convert to primary alcohol.
- Start wth an aldehyde
- H2 also a reactant
- Use Pt as a catalyst.
- Get a primary alcohol as the product
Hydrolysis
A reaction in which a bond or bonds are broken and the H– and –OH of water add to the atoms of the broken bonds or bonds.
What is reaction of an aldehyde when catalyzed with an oxidizing agent?
You get a carboxylic acid
What is reaction of a ketone when treated with an oxidizing agent?
No reaction happens
Reduction of an aldehyde
Produces a primary alcohol
Reduction of a ketone
Produces a secondary alcohol
Aniline
Hexane ring with 3 alternate double bonds with an –NH2 group attached
-al
(Example: Propanal, Butanal. . .)
ending for aldehydes
Lowest to highest:
- Alkanes
- Aldehydes
- Alcohols
Arrange boiling point for aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols
Alkanes: Dispersion
Aldehydes: Dispersion & Dipole
Alcohols: Dispersion, Dipole & Hydrogen Bonding
Types of forces in aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols
Boiling point increases as molecular force increases
What happens to boiling point in alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohols as molecular mass increases
Water solubility decreases
What happens to water solubility as the number of carbon atoms increases in alkanes, aldehydes and alcohols?
formaldehyde
1 carbon aldehyde
formic acid
1 carbon carboxylic acid
Acetone
What is common name for propanone? How many carbons does it contain?
-one
What ending do you use for ketones?
Mixible; infinitely soluble; soluble in all proportions.
What is miscible mean?
A reaction in which a bond or bonds are broken and the H– and –OH of water add to the atoms of the broken bonds or bonds.
Hydrolysis
No reaction happens
What is reaction of a ketone when treated with an oxidizing agent?
Hexane ring with 3 alternate double bonds with an –NH2 group attached
Aniline
