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Chem 102 > Packet #6 > Flashcards

Packet #6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two components of a buffer system

A

a weak acid and a weak base

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2
Q

Reversibility of reactions

A

Will be reversible if the acid is a weak acid. Will NOT be reversible if the acid is a STRONG acid.

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3
Q

Acid Base Neutralization

A

Acid gives a hydrogen to the base. Alsoways produces a salt. Salt made from metal from base and anion from acid. Usually produces water (if base acceptor has a hydroxide you will get water)

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4
Q

Steps for writing an acid base neutralization reaction

A
  1. Name the products (ie. water and the salt) 2. Write the product formulas 3. Balance the equation 4. Remember that if either acid or base is STRONG, the neutralization reaction is NOT reversible
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5
Q

Buffer components

A

The weak acid and the weak base

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6
Q

Oxidize

A

To take electrons from another atom

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7
Q

Reduce

A

To give electrons to another atom

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8
Q

Oxidation-Reduction reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which the oxidation numbers of atoms in reactants change

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9
Q

Na• + Cl → Na+ + Cl- Which oxidizes? Which is oxidizing agent? Which is oxidized?

A

Chlorine atom oxidizes the sodium atom The chlorine atom is the oxidizing agent The sodium atom is oxidized

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10
Q

Na• + Cl → Na+ + Cl- which atom reduces? Which atom is reducing agent? Which is reduced

A

Sodium atom reduces the cholorine atom Sodium atom is the reducing agent The chlorine atom is reduced

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11
Q

When an atom is oxidized, what happens to its oxidation number?

A

It increases

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12
Q

When an atom is reduced, what happens to oxidation number?

A

It reduces

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13
Q

What happens if an atom’s oxidation number goes up in a reaction

A

That atom has been OXIDIZED

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14
Q

4Fe + 3O2 → 4Fe3+ + 6O2- What is oxidation number of each individual atom in the products? Which reactant is oxidized? Which reactant is reduced?

A

Fe (products) oxidation number = +3 O (products) oxidation number = -2 Fe is oxidized (went from 0 to +3) O is reduced (went from 0 to -2)

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15
Q

Common reducing agents

A

Carbon Hydrogen gas (H2) Metals

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16
Q

Common oxidizing agents

A
  • Oxygen Gas (O2)
  • Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) (Peroxides in general)
  • Permanganates (ex. KMnO4)
  • Perchlorates (ex. KClO4)
  • Hypochlorites (ex. NaClO, Ca(ClO)2
  • Nitric Acid (HNO3)
  • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
  • Halogens (F2,Cl2,Br2, I2)
17
Q

Formula for Oxidation Level of an ORGANIC compound

A

Oxidation level = # of heteroatoms + # of double bonds + # of rings

18
Q

Heteroatom

A

any atom in an organic molecule other than carbon or hydrogen

19
Q

Triple bond in an organic molecule

A

counts as 2 double bonds for figuring oxidation level

20
Q

How to use oxidation level in an organic reaction

A

If oxidation level of organic products is HIGHER than oxidation level of ORGANIC reactant than Carbon is being OXIDIZED (considered an OXIDATION rxn)

21
Q

What is oxidation number of a neutral free element

A

Zero

22
Q
A

Aldehyde

23
Q
A

Amide

24
Q
A

Amine

25
Q
A

Carboxyclic acid

26
Q
A

Ester

27
Q
A

Ether

28
Q
A

Ketone

29
Q
A

Phenolic group

30
Q

C—O—-H

A

Alcohol

31
Q

Is addition of oxygen to an organic compoud exothermic or endothermic?

A

Exothermic

32
Q

Is Conversion of a double bond to a single bond exothermic or endothermic?

A

Exothermic

33
Q

Is removal of oxygen from an organic compound exothermic or endothermic?

A

Endothermic

34
Q

Is the conversion of a single bond to a double bond exothermic or endothermic?

A

Endothermic

35
Q

4Ni + 3O2→ 2Ni2O3

Which reactant is being reduced and which reactant is being oxidized?

A

Nickel is oxidized

Oxygen is reduced

36
Q

2Fe + Cl2 → 2FeCl3

Which reactant is being reduced and which reactant is being oxidized?

A

Iron is oxidized and chlorine is reduced

37
Q

Fe + Cu(NO3)2 → Fe(NO3)2 + Cu

Which reactant is being reduced and which reactant is being oxidized?

A

Iron is oxidized and Cu is reduced

38
Q

Is adding a hydrogen to an organic compoud exothermic or endothermic? Is it an oxidqation or a reduction?

A

exothermic (a reduction)

39
Q

Is removing a hydrogen from an organic compound an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Is it an oxidation or a reduction?

A

Endothermic. Oxidation

Chem 102 (15 decks)

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