Packet #12

Question 1

polyamidation

Answer 1

• double ended carboxylic acid + double ended amine
• cut out -OH (from acid) and -H from amine in middle to get H₂O,
• Chop -OH and -H off each end
• bracket
• ends with water (2n-1) waters when each are double ended

Question 2

polyesterification

Answer 2

• double ended carboxylic acid + double ended alcohol
• produces an ester

Question 3

polyesterfication

Answer 3

• carboxylic acid at one end of molecule
• alcohol at other
• cut off -OH at carboxylic end
• cut off - H at alcohol end
• put brackets
• produces (2n-1) H₂O

Question 4

acid chloride

Answer 4

an acid chloride is cimilar to a carboxylic acid, but in an acid chlordie the -OH of the carboxylic acid has been replaced by a chlorine atom

Question 5

Acid Chloride + Alcohol rxn

Answer 5

produces ester and HCl

Question 6

Acid Chloride + Amine

Answer 6

= amide + HCl

Question 7

Acid Chloride + Phenol Rxn

Answer 7

Ester + HCl

Question 8

How to make a phosphate ester

Answer 8

Phosphoric Acid + Alcohol ⇔ phosphate ester + water

• name by citing the right side of the ester then dihydrogen phosphate

Question 9

Products when two molecules of phosphoric acid react together

Answer 9

pyrophosphoric acid + water

Question 10

What are products when 3 molecules of phosphoric acid react together when heated?

Answer 10

triphosphoric acid + 2H₂O

Question 11

Advantages of making esters from acid chlorides rather than carboxylic acids?

Answer 11

• 100% conversion
• don’t need catalyst
• faster

Question 12

Disadvantages of making esters from acid chlorides versus carboxylic acids

Answer 12

• dangerous
• more expensive
• HCl products dangerous

Question 13

Is joining together of phosphoric acid units into chains exothermic or endothermic?

Answer 13

endothermic

Question 14

Is breakdown of ATP into ADP exothermic or endothermic?

Answer 14

exothermic

Question 15

Is builiding up of AMP into ADP exothermic or endothermic?

Answer 15

endothermic