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Chem 102 > Packet #7 > Flashcards

Packet #7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane

A

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds

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2
Q

In a stick structure, an “end” represents how many carbons and how many hydrogens?

A

One (1) carbon and 3 hydrogens

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3
Q

In a stick structure, a “bend” represents how many carbons and how many hydrogens?

A

One (1) carbon and 2 hydrogens

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4
Q

In a stick structure, a “branch point” represents how many carbons and how many hydrogens?

A

One (1) carbon and one (1) hydrogen

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5
Q

Alkene

A

Hydrocarbons that contain double bonds

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6
Q

Name the common reactions that alkenes undergo

A
  • Hydrogenation (an addition rxn)
  • Bromination
  • Conversion to alcohols
  • Alkene polymerization
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7
Q

Polymer

A

A long chain like molecule containing thousands of atoms

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8
Q

Monomers

A

small molecules that can be joined chemically to make polymers

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9
Q

Is polymerization endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

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10
Q

Complete comubstion of hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Gas (O2) → Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water

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11
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Gas → Carbon monoxide + Water

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12
Q

Aromatic compound

A

A ring of 6 carbon atoms with 3 conjugated double bonds. (Benzene example)

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13
Q

Methane

A

CH4

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14
Q

Ethane

A

CH3CH3

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15
Q

CH3CH3

A

Ethane

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16
Q

Propane

A

CH3CH2CH3

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17
Q

CH3CH2CH3

A

Propane

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18
Q

Butane

A

CH3CH2CH2CH3

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19
Q

CH3CH2CH2CH3

A

Butane

20
Q

repeat unit

A

the basic chemical structure of a polymer that repeats over and over again along the length of a polymer chain

21
Q

polymerization

A

chemical reaction by which monomers join chemically to form a polymer

22
Q

Saturdated hydrocarbon

A

Hydrogen takes up all possible spots on the carbon molecules in the hydrocarbon (alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons)

23
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Hydrogens are not at every spot of the carbon in a hydrocarbon. (Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon)

24
Q

Alkyne

A

Have a triple Carbon to Carbon bond (burn at 3000 deg C)

25
Q

Phenyl group

A

C6H5

26
Q

Alkyl group

A

The part of the alkane that remains when a hydrogen atom is removed

27
Q

Methyl

A

—CH3

28
Q

Ethyl

A

—CH3CH2

29
Q

n-Propyl

A

CH3CH2CH2—

30
Q

Isopropyl

A
31
Q

n-Butyl

A

CH3CH2CH2CH2—

32
Q

sec-Butyl

A
33
Q

Isobutyl

A
34
Q

tert-Butyl

A
35
Q

primary carbon atom

secondary carbon atom

tertiary carbon atom

quaternary carbon atom

A

A carbon atom with (1,2,3,4) other carbon atoms attached to it.

36
Q

Properties of alkanes

A
  • low polarity
  • insoluble in water
  • soluble in nonpolar organic solvents (including other alkanes)
  • generally less dense than water
  • weak London forces
  • melting and boiling points increase with molecular size
37
Q

Methylene

A

another name for a CH2 group

38
Q

Properties of alkenes and alkynes

A
  • bonds in both are nonpolar
  • influenced mainly by weak London dispersion forces
  • boiling points increase with size of molecules
  • insoluble in water
  • soluble in nonpolar solvents
  • less denwse than water
  • flammamble and nontoxic
  • alkenes quite reactive because of the double bonds
39
Q

Addition reaction

A

gernal reaction in which two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms “left over”

A + B →C

40
Q

Elimination reaction

A

Elimination reaction occurs when a single reactant splits into two products.

A →B + C

41
Q

Substitution reaction

A

Occurs when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products.

AB + C →AC + B

42
Q

Halogenation

A

The addition of Cl2or Br2 to a multiple bond to give a dihalide product

Example: CH2=CH2 + Cl2 → CH2Cl=CH2Cl (1,2-Dichloroethane)

43
Q

Hydrohalogenation

A

The additi8on of HCl or HBr to a multiple bond to give an alkyl halide product

44
Q

Markinikov’s rule

A

In the addition of HX to an alkene, the H attaches to the double-bond carbon that has the larger number of H atoms *directly *attached to it, and the X attaches to the carbon that has the smaller number of H atoms attached.

45
Q

Hydration of alkenes

A

The addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product. (Need H2SO4) as a catalyst

46
Q

H2C=CH—

A

Vinyl group

Chem 102 (15 decks)

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