Packet #1 Flashcards
cation
an ion with a positive charge
anion
an ion with a negative charge
transition metals
any of the elements in the d-block of the periodic table. (middle - column 3B thru 2B)
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given element
valence electrons
the electrons in the highest occupied electron shell of an atom
Hydronium ion
H₃O⁺
Ammonium ion
NH₄⁺
Acetate ion
CH₃CO₂⁻
Carbonate ion
CO₃²⁻
Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate)
HCO₃⁻
dichromate ion
Cr₂O₇²⁻
chromate ion
CrO₄²⁻
cyanide ion
CN⁻
hydroxide ion
OH⁻
hypochlorite ion
OCl⁻
Nitrate ion
NO₃⁻
Nitrite ion
NO₂⁻
Oxalate ion
C₂O₄²⁻
Permanganate ion
MnO₄⁻
Phosphate ion
PO₄³⁻
Hydrogen Phosphate ion
HPO₄²⁻
Dihydrogen phosphate ion
H₂PO₄⁻
Sulfate ion
SO₄²⁻
Hydrogen Sulfate ion
HSO₄⁻
Sulfite ion
SO₃²⁻
Ionization energy
The energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state
Electron affinity
The energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state.
Large ionization energy
electron not easily lost
large electron affinityh
electron easily gained
Valence electron shells
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10
mass number
protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of a given isotope. (Every atom of carbon has 6 protons. But, not every isotope of carbon has same number of neutrons.)
Ions
atoms or groups of atoms with a charge
Metal atoms
lose electrons when they become ions (MetaLOSE)
Non-metal atoms
gain electrons when they become ions
polyatomic ion
group of atoms with an electrical charge
