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Science Revision > P3 - Thermal Physics > Flashcards

P3 - Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the simple kinetic molecular model of matter?

A

The distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases.

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2
Q

Do solids, liquids, and gases have a definite shape?

A

Solids - yes
Liquids - no
Gases - no

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3
Q

Do solids, liquids, and gases have a definite volume?

A

Solids - yes
Liquids - yes
Gases - no

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4
Q

Are solids, liquids, and gases compressionable?

A

Solids - no
Liquids - no
Gases - yes

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5
Q

Which states of matter flow?

A

liquids and gases.

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6
Q

What are the arrangements of solids, liquids, and gases?

A

Solids - Regular, fixed, very close
Liquids - Irregular, very close
Gases - Irregular, widely separated

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7
Q

What is the movement of particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

A

Solids - Only vibrates
Liquids - Free to move
Gases - Free to move

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8
Q

How strong is the intermolecular force between particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

A

Solids - Very strong
Liquids - Fairly strong
Gases - Very weak

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9
Q

What is gas pressure?

A

The force of the gas particles colliding with the walls of its container.

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10
Q

What is Brownian motion?

A

The random motion of particles in a suspension.

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11
Q

Name three differences between boiling and evaporation.

A

Boiling is fast, evaporation is slow.
Boiling takes place at a fixed temperature, evaporation can take place at various temperatures.
Boiling takes place only at the surface of the liquid, evaporation takes place throughout the liquid.

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12
Q

What is the melting point of water?

A

0 Celsius

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13
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100 Celsius

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14
Q

What is condensation?

A

The conversion of a gas into a liquid.

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15
Q

What is solidification?

A

The conversion of a liquid into a solid.

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16
Q

Name the four factors affecting evaporation.

A

Temperature
Surface Area
Humidity
Wind Speed

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17
Q

How does an increased temperature and a constant volume affect pressure?

A

Increased pressure.

18
Q

How does a decreased volume and a decreased wall area affect pressure?

A

Increased pressure.

19
Q

What is the equation for power and volume?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

20
Q

What is the formula for pressure in terms of force and area?

A

Pressure = Force/Area

21
Q

How much do solids expand and why?

A

They expand only slightly because there are still strong bonds between the particles.

22
Q

How much do liquids expand and why?

A

They expand more than solids because the (intermolecular) bonds are weaker than in solids.

23
Q

How much do gases expand and why?

A

They expand very significantly as there are very weak bonds between particles (intermolecular).

24
Q

What does having a linear scale mean?

A

iI the scale has equal divisions (intervals) it is described as having a linear scale.

25
Q

What does sensitivity mean in a thermometer?

A

The ability of a thermometer to detect small changes in temperature.

26
Q

What does range mean in a thermometer?

A

The range of temperatures which can be measured by the thermometer.

27
Q

How does increasing the bulb size on a thermometer change its range and sensitivity?

A

Shorter range
More sensitive

28
Q

How does increasing the bore diameter on a thermometer change its range and sensitivity?

A

Longer range
Less sensitive

29
Q

How does increasing the stem length on a thermometer change its range and sensitivity?

A

Longer range
Same sensitivity

30
Q

What is temperature?

A

The average amount of energy per particle.

31
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Energy transferred per second.

32
Q

Name two good conductors.

A

Metals and graphite.

33
Q

Name two poor conductors.

A

Wood and plastic.

34
Q

Why does hot air rise?

A

It is less dense than cooler air.

35
Q

Do conduction, convection, and radiation require a medium to transfer energy?

A

Conduction - yes
Convection - yes
Radiation - no

36
Q

What 3 things can happen when thermal radiation falls on an object?

A

Reflect
Absorb
Transmit (go through)

37
Q

Good absorbers are also good…?

A

Emitters

38
Q

What color is the best emitter/absorber?

A

Matte black

39
Q

What color is the best reflector?

A

White

40
Q

What is an experiement to compare the absorption of thermal radiation on different surfaces?

A
  • Place a radiant heater in the middle.
  • Place two different plates (e.g. black and white) on opposite sides of the heater at equal distance from the heater.
  • Place brass weights stuck on with wax to the backs of the plates.
  • See which weight falls off first

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