B7 - Transport Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
What is double circulation?
In mammals, when the heart pumps blood around the body in two circuits.
What is the first circuit that blood takes in our body?
The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen [pulmonary artery] and oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart [pulmonary vein].
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart.
What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heart.
Name two advantages of a double circulatory system.
- Blood can be pumped out of the heart at a higher pressure.
- Blood can be pumped around the body faster - more oxygen delivered to cells.
What is the vein called that receives blood from the head AND the body?
Vena Cava
How many chambers does the heart have and what are they?
4.
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What is diastole?
Heart relaxes
Semi-lunar valves closed
What is atrial systole?
- Atria contract at the same time forcing blood into ventricles
- Atrio-ventricular (Bi/tri-cuspid) valves open
- Semi-lunar valves closed
What is ventricular systole?
- Ventricles contract from the bottom upwards which forces blood into the pulmonary artery or aorta.
- AV valves closed
- Semi-lunar valves open
Name the two main blood vessels that transport blood to and from the kidneys.
Renal artery and renal vein.
Name six risk factors for coronary heart disease.
- Diet
- Stress
- Smoking
- Genetic predisposition
- Age
- Gender
What happens in coronary heart disease?
Coronary arteries narrow/become blocked by fatty buildup.
Blood isn’t able to get through.
Can cause a heart attack.
Name the four components of blood.
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
What is the blood pressure for arteries, veins, and capillaries?
Arteries - very high
Veins - low
Capillaries - very low
What is the thickness of muscular wall for arteries, veins, and capillaries?
Arteries - very thick
Veins - thin
Capillaries - none (one cell thick)
What is the elastic tissue like in arteries, veins, and capillaries?
Arteries - very elastic
Veins - thin
Capillaries - none
What is the size of the lumen in arteries, veins, capillaries?
Arteries - small
Veins - large
Capillaries - very small (one cell diameter)
Are there valves in arteries, veins, and capillaries?
Arteries - no
Veins - yes
Capillaries - no
Are arteries, veins, and capillaries permeable?
Arteries - no
Veins - no
Capillaries - yes
Do arteries, veins, and capillaries have a pulse?
Arteries - yes
Veins, capillaries - no
What is the function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen bonded with haemaglobin as oxyhaemaglobin.
State 3 features of red blood cells that adapt it to carry oxygen.
- Biconcave disc shape to increase surface area so that more oxygen can be absorbed.
- No nucleus - more room to carry oxygen.
- Contain haemaglobin which bonds to oxygen and allows it to be transported around the body.
What are the two types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes and lymphocytes.
What is the role of phagocytes?
To detect antigens, chase them, surround them, engulf them, and digest them.
What is the role of lymphocytes?
To produce antibodies that either kill antigens or mark them for consumption by phagocytes.
Name 2 differences in the structure of lymphocytes and phagocytes.
- Lymphocytes have a large nucleus that covers almost the whole cell and phagocytes have a smaller, irregular shaped nucleus.
- Phagocytes have a granular cytoplasm.
What is the role of platelets?
To clot and prevent loss of blood.
What is the role of plasma? [5]
To transport blood cells, ions, soluble nutrients, hormones, and carbon dioxide.
