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Science Revision > B7 - Transport > Flashcards

B7 - Transport Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

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2
Q

What is double circulation?

A

In mammals, when the heart pumps blood around the body in two circuits.

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3
Q

What is the first circuit that blood takes in our body?

A

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen [pulmonary artery] and oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart [pulmonary vein].

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4
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart.

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5
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood towards the heart.

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6
Q

Name two advantages of a double circulatory system.

A
  1. Blood can be pumped out of the heart at a higher pressure.
  2. Blood can be pumped around the body faster - more oxygen delivered to cells.
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7
Q

What is the vein called that receives blood from the head AND the body?

A

Vena Cava

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8
Q

How many chambers does the heart have and what are they?

A

4.
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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9
Q

What is diastole?

A

Heart relaxes
Semi-lunar valves closed

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10
Q

What is atrial systole?

A
  • Atria contract at the same time forcing blood into ventricles
  • Atrio-ventricular (Bi/tri-cuspid) valves open
  • Semi-lunar valves closed
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11
Q

What is ventricular systole?

A
  • Ventricles contract from the bottom upwards which forces blood into the pulmonary artery or aorta.
  • AV valves closed
  • Semi-lunar valves open
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12
Q

Name the two main blood vessels that transport blood to and from the kidneys.

A

Renal artery and renal vein.

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13
Q

Name six risk factors for coronary heart disease.

A
  1. Diet
  2. Stress
  3. Smoking
  4. Genetic predisposition
  5. Age
  6. Gender
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14
Q

What happens in coronary heart disease?

A

Coronary arteries narrow/become blocked by fatty buildup.
Blood isn’t able to get through.
Can cause a heart attack.

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15
Q

Name the four components of blood.

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
  4. Plasma
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16
Q

What is the blood pressure for arteries, veins, and capillaries?

A

Arteries - very high
Veins - low
Capillaries - very low

17
Q

What is the thickness of muscular wall for arteries, veins, and capillaries?

A

Arteries - very thick
Veins - thin
Capillaries - none (one cell thick)

18
Q

What is the elastic tissue like in arteries, veins, and capillaries?

A

Arteries - very elastic
Veins - thin
Capillaries - none

19
Q

What is the size of the lumen in arteries, veins, capillaries?

A

Arteries - small
Veins - large
Capillaries - very small (one cell diameter)

20
Q

Are there valves in arteries, veins, and capillaries?

A

Arteries - no
Veins - yes
Capillaries - no

21
Q

Are arteries, veins, and capillaries permeable?

A

Arteries - no
Veins - no
Capillaries - yes

22
Q

Do arteries, veins, and capillaries have a pulse?

A

Arteries - yes
Veins, capillaries - no

23
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen bonded with haemaglobin as oxyhaemaglobin.

24
Q

State 3 features of red blood cells that adapt it to carry oxygen.

A
  1. Biconcave disc shape to increase surface area so that more oxygen can be absorbed.
  2. No nucleus - more room to carry oxygen.
  3. Contain haemaglobin which bonds to oxygen and allows it to be transported around the body.
25
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells?

A

Phagocytes and lymphocytes.

26
Q

What is the role of phagocytes?

A

To detect antigens, chase them, surround them, engulf them, and digest them.

27
Q

What is the role of lymphocytes?

A

To produce antibodies that either kill antigens or mark them for consumption by phagocytes.

28
Q

Name 2 differences in the structure of lymphocytes and phagocytes.

A
  1. Lymphocytes have a large nucleus that covers almost the whole cell and phagocytes have a smaller, irregular shaped nucleus.
  2. Phagocytes have a granular cytoplasm.
29
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

To clot and prevent loss of blood.

30
Q

What is the role of plasma? [5]

A

To transport blood cells, ions, soluble nutrients, hormones, and carbon dioxide.

Science Revision (20 decks)

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