B3 - Biological Molecules Flashcards
What chemical elements makeup carbohydrates and fats/lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What chemical elements makeup proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What is starch made up of?
Maltose (two glucose)
Glucose
What is protein made up of?
amino acids
What are lipids/fats broken down into?
glycerol and fatty acids
What is the importance of carbohydrates?
Energy release (respiration). Temporarily stored in liver/muscles as glycogen. Excess stored as fat.
What is the importance of proteins?
Growth, tissue repair, making enzymes, prevents kwashiorkor.
What is the importance of lipids/fats?
Insulation, long term energy storage
What is the chemical food test for starch?
Iodine. Blue-black is a positive test and orange is a negative test.
What is the chemical food test for protein?
Biuret test. Add biuret solution.
Positive test = purple
Negative test = blue
What is the chemical food test for fats and oils?
Ethanol Emulsion Test. Shake the test tube with ethanol then pour it into water.
Positive test = milky emulsion
Negative test = no milky emulsion
What is the chemical food test for reducing sugars?
Benedict’s solution. Add benedicts solution and place in a hot water bath.
Negative result = blue
Trace of sugar = green
Low concentration of sugar = yellow
Medium concentration of sugar = orange
High concentration of sugar = brick red
