p2 - topic 8: personality disorders

Question 1

avoidant pd - treatment

Answer 1

psychodynamically oriented therapies
cbt
group therapy
medications

Question 2

schizotypal pd - treatment

Answer 2

psychodynamic
cbt
group therapy
interpersonal therapy
fam and marital therapy
medications: only used to reduce symptoms of anxiety, paranoid thinking, depression

Question 3

cluster c types

Answer 3

dependent pd
avoidant pd
obsessive compulsive pd

Question 4

paranoid pd - causes

Answer 4

mostly in males
more common among 1st degree bio relatives of those with schizo + delusional disorder
might be learned early, child may adopt paranoid ways of thinking as coping mechanism

Question 5

personality disorders characteristics

Answer 5

• have traits that cause them to feel and behave in socially distressing ways
• is longstanding, maladaptive and inflexible ways of relating to the environment
• early onset
• disorders cause problems for the persons who suffer from it and also to people who are significant in the individual’s life

Question 6

obsessive compulsive pd - causes

Answer 6

overcontrolling, emotionally withholding, critical parenting, high expectations, little room for error

Question 7

antisocial pd - treatment

Answer 7

highly unresponsive to any form of treatment
long term structured residential settings

Question 8

schizotypal pd - causes

Answer 8

roots in family
family is emotionally reserved, have high degree of formality, impersonal communication style
inadequate amounts of affection to child and insufficient amounts of emotional stim

Question 9

antisocial pd - causes

Answer 9

children born to parents diagnosed with antisocial pd (adoptive home may decrease child’s risk)
linked to childhood physical / sex abuse, some undiagnosed neurological disorders + low EQ

Question 10

cluster a types

Answer 10

paranoid pd
schizoid pd
schizotypal pd

Question 11

avoidant pd - causes

Answer 11

parental criticism
rejection + neglect
avoidance as a defense mechanism

Question 12

obsessive compulsive pd - treatment

Answer 12

psychodynamic oriented therapies
cbt
meds (treat symptoms of anxiety + depression)

Question 13

dependent pd - causes

Answer 13

over-involvement and intrusive behaviour by caretakers
emotionally restrictive family environment

Question 14

histrionic pd - causes

Answer 14

parental attentional patterns
- excessive attention
- emphasis on child’s emotions when dramatic
- conditional attention
cultural factors + societal expectation
- encouragement of extroversion and expressiveness
- discouragement of dramatic expression

Question 15

narcissistic pd - causes

Answer 15

• early parental relationship (emotionally neglectful and critical early environment, often mother is unsympathetic and distant)
• formation of a grandiose self
• splitting mechanism
• long term impacts (unconscious repression of the unlovable and needy aspects of themselves means that, although they
  consciously present a confident and even arrogant facade, self worth based on external validation)

Question 16

paranoid pd - treatment

Answer 16

psychotherapy
medications (low doses of antipsychotic)

Question 17

schizoid pd - treatment

Answer 17

psychodynamic oriented therapies
cbt
group therapy
fam + marital therapy
medication: no definitive medication

Question 18

borderline pd - causes

Answer 18

bio genetic and environmental factors
strong evidence to support link between childhood experience (neglect, abuse, early separation)
difference in structure of brain and brain function
associated with excessive activity in parts of brain that control experience and expression of emotion

Question 19

histrionic pd - treatments

Answer 19

cbt
group therapy
fam therapy
medications: pharmacotherapy (not treatment of choice unless it occurs with another disorder)

Question 20

cluster b types

Answer 20

antisocial pd
borderline pd
narcissistic pd
histrionic pd

Question 21

borderline pd - treatment

Answer 21

psychotherapy (schema, mentalisation, dialectical)
medications: antidepressants, antipsych, anxiolytics, mood stabilisers, anticonvulsants

Question 22

schizoid pd - causes

Answer 22

roots in family
family is emotionally reserved, have high degree of formality, impersonal communication style
inadequate amounts of affection to child and insufficient amounts of emotional stim

Question 23

dependent pd - treatment

Answer 23

psychodynamic oriented therapies
cbt
group therapy
medication: treat symptoms of anxiety and depression