p1 - topic 3: trait perspective personality Flashcards
criteria that characterise personality traits
consistency
stability
individual differences
nomothetic approach
psychometric approach to the study of personality compares individual in terms of traits / dimensions common to everyone
example: hans eysenck and raymond cattell’s 16pf
idiographic approach
focuses on understanding individuals in their unique context
aims to uncover specific individual factors and experience that contribute to a person’s behaviour and psychological functioning using qualitative methods
eysenck’s model of personality
psychoticism
extraversion
neuroticism
high psychoticism
independent thinkers, cold, noncomformists, impulsive, antisocial and hostile
HEXACO
Anglim and O’Connor
Honesty - Humility
Emotionality
eXtraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
robert cloninger’s model on personality structure
temperament: element that integrates functioning of biological systems and allows organism to regulate its behaviour to adapt to the environment
character: result of learning acquired throughout life cycle + allows individuals to relate to themselves and world voluntary, based on what they’ve learned from their experiences
types of temperament (robert cloninger)
- novelty seeking
- harm avoidance
- reward dependence
- persistence
types of character (robert cloninger)
- self directedness
- cooperativeness
- self-trascendence
how do we capture whole personality?
- lexical research: build on the millennial wisdom embedded in the natural language
- questionnaire research: build on millennial wisdom of science
eysenck’s model of personality: 2 major dimensions combinations
- choleric: neuroticism + extraversion
- sanguine: extraversion + stability
- phlegmatic: stability + introversion
- melancholic: introversion + neuroticism
